директор, снс
Дагестан считается одним из центров происхождения культурного винограда. Тому свидетельствует огромное количество аборигенных сортов винограда разного срока созревания и направления использования. Они обладают рядом положительных признаков, которые широко используются в селекционном процессе. Среди них сорта как очень раннего срока созревания (Яй Изюм белый и Яй Изюм розовый), среднего срока созревания (Аг Изюм, Хатми), так и позднего (Агадаи, Коз Изюм и др.). Цель исследований – изучение влияния погодных условий на агробиологические показатели и наступление фенологических фаз виноградного растения. В опыт были включены 14 аборигенных сортов винограда разного срока созревания и направления использования урожая в условиях южной приморской зоны Республики Дагестан. В результате проведенных исследований выделены четыре группы сортов: Аг Эмчек – очень раннего срока созревания; Хоца Цибил, Будай Шули, Чауш Новый, Хатми – раннего срока созревания; Аг Чакрак, Аг Изюм, Гимра, Дагестанский, Джагар, Докур, Дубут – раннесреднего и Чиль Гуляби – позднего срока созревания. Определены агробиологические показатели и качество урожая. Наиболее высокий коэффициент плодоношения выявлен у сорта Гимра – 1,74, самый низкий у сорта Будай Шули – 0,55, у остальных сортов он колебался от 0,61 до 1,56. По коэффициенту плодоносности выделялись также сорта Гимра и Хоца Цибил (1,90 и 1,71 соответственно). У остальных сортов этот показатель варьировал в пределах 1,23-1,68. Сорта Аг Эмчек, Гимра и Докур оказались достаточно урожайными (28,1, 23,6 и 21,0 т соответственно). Основное влияние на урожайность оказывало число гроздей на кусте. При высоких урожаях все сорта обеспечивали качество, соответствующее требуемым кондициям (15-20 г/100 см3).
Dagestan is considered one of the centers of origin of cultural grapes. This is evidenced by a huge number of indigenous grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions of use. Native varieties have a number of positive features that are widely used in the breeding process. Among them medium ripening period (Ag raisins, Khatmi), late ripening period (Agadai, Goat raisins), etc. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of weather conditions on agrobiological indicators and the onset of phenological phases of the grape plant. The experiment included 14 native grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions of crop use in the conditions of the southern coastal zone of the Republic of Dagestan. The conducted studies have established: one variety of very early ripening period (Ag emchek); 5 varieties of early ripening period (Hotsatsibil, Budai Shuli, Ceaushnovy, Khatmi); 7 early-middle varieties (Ag chakrak, Ag raisin, Gimra, Dagestan, Dzhagar, Dokur, Dubut) and 1 late-ripening variety (Chili Gulabi). And also determined agrobiological indicators and indicators of crop quality. The number of inflorescences per one developed shoot (K1 is the fruiting coefficient) is the lowest in the Budai Shuli variety-0.55, and the highest in the Gimra variety-1.74. The remaining varieties range from 0.61 to 1.56. According to the coefficient of fruitfulness (K2), the varieties Gimra and Hotsacibil are also distinguished (1.90 and 1.71, respectively). For the rest of the varieties, this indicator ranges from 1, 23-1,68. The studied varieties in the conditions of southern coastal zone were divided into four groups: very early, early, early-middle and late. Varieties Ag Emchek, Gimra and Dokur were quite productive (28.1, 23.6 and 21.0 tons, respectively). In spite of the high yields, all the varieties provided quality corresponding to the required conditions (15-20 g/100cm3).is considered one of the centers of origin of cultural grapes. This is evidenced by a huge number of indigenous grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions of use. Native varieties have a number of positive features that are widely used in the breeding process. Among them are varieties of very early ripening period (Yay white raisins and Yay pink raisins), medium ripening period (Ag raisins, Khatmi), late ripening period (Agadai, Goat raisins), etc. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of weather conditions on agrobiological indicators and the onset of phenological phases of the grape plant. The experiment included 14 native grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions of crop use in the conditions of the southern coastal zone of the Republic of Dagestan. The conducted studies have established: one variety of very early ripening period (Ag emchek); 5 varieties of early ripening period (Hotsatsibil, Budai Shuli, Ceaushnovy, Khatmi); 7 early-middle varieties (Ag chakrak, Ag raisin, Gimra, Dagestan, Dzhagar, Dokur, Dubut) and 1 late-ripening variety (Chili Gulabi). And also determined agrobiological indicators and indicators of crop quality. The number of inflorescences per one developed shoot (K1 is the fruiting coefficient) is the lowest in the Budai Shuli variety-0.55, and the highest in the Gimra variety-1.74. The remaining varieties range from 0.61 to 1.56. According to the coefficient of fruitfulness (K2), the varieties Gimra and Hotsacibil are also distinguished (1.90 and 1.71, respectively). For the rest of the varieties, this indicator ranges from 1, 23-1,68. The studied varieties in the conditions of southern coastal zone were divided into four groups: very early, early, early-middle and late. Varieties Ag Emchek, Gimra and Dokur were quite productive (28.1, 23.6 and 21.0 tons, respectively). In spite of the high yields, all the varieties provided quality corresponding to the required conditions (15-20 g/100cm3).
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.