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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fruitberry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Плодоводство и ягодоводство России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-4948</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБНУ ВСТИСП</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/2073-4948-2023-75-7-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fruitberry-1118</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, BREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Самонесовместимость подрода Cerasus (Mill.) A.Gray (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Self-incompatibility of the subgenus Cerasus (Mill.) A.Gray (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2845-4253</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спивак</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spivak</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мнс, аспирант </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vl.spivak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ ФНЦ Садоводства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>0</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Спивак В.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Спивак В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Spivak V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.plodovodstvo.com/jour/article/view/1118">https://www.plodovodstvo.com/jour/article/view/1118</self-uri><abstract><p>Подбор опылителей при закладке насаждений в растениеводстве, и родительских пар при гибридизации в селекции, тесно связан с проблемой самонесовместимости. Результаты многочисленных исследований показывают, что самонесовместимость реализуется при помощи разнообразных биологических механизмов и направлена прежде всего на предотвращение инбридинга внутри популяции. Самонесовместимость у многих видов детерминируется одним S-локусом со множеством S-аллелей. При этом S-гаплотип сочетает мужские и женские детерминанты специфичности (S-детерминанты), а распознавание пыльцы происходит благодаря молекулярному аллель-специфическому взаимодействию между ними. У представителей рода Prunus самонесовместимость контролируется взаимодействием генов, принадлежащих локусу S, совокупность вариантов которого формирует конкретный S-гаплотип. Молекулярные методы S-генотипирования основываются на последовательностях генов S-РНКаз, которые позволяют идентифицировать S-аллели и классифицировать сорта относительно групп несовместимости. На сегодняшний день у вишни обыкновенной и черешни идентифицирован 31 S-гаплотип, причем некоторые из гаплотипов являются идентичными друг другу. У вишни обыкновенной описано 12 функциональных S-гаплотипов и 9 нефункциональных. Также были описаны 6 S-гаплотипов видовых форм данной культуры. К нарушению механизма самонесовместимости могут приводить мутации, возникающие не только в генах S-РНКазы и SFB, но и в участках, не связанных с S-локусом. Исследования по идентификации аллелей самонесовместимости представителей подрода Cerasus во многих случаях проводились на виде P. avium L. Формирование самонесовместимости тетраплоидных генотипов вишни обыкновенной обусловлено наличием мутаций в генах S-локуса, которые приводят к появлению нефункциональных S-гаплотипов. Самонесовместимость пыльцы у вишни обыкновенной возникает при условии соответствия одного полностью функционального S-аллеля в пыльце одному функциональному S-гаплотипу в пестике. В настоящее время продолжается изучение механизма самонесовместимости, проводится генотипирование сортов вишни обыкновенной и черешни по S-локусам. Данные ДНК-анализа являются перспективными для прогнозирования уровня совместимости сортов при опылении и завязываемости плодов при гибридизации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The selection of pollinators when planting plantings in crop production and parental pairs during hybridization in breeding is closely related to the problem of self-incompatibility. The results of numerous studies show that self-incompatibility is realized through a variety of biological mechanisms and is aimed primarily at preventing inbreeding within a population. Self-incompatibility in many species is determined by one S-locus with many S-alleles. In this case, the S-haplotype combines male and female specificity determinants (S-determinants), and pollen recognition occurs due to a molecular allele-specific interaction between them. In representatives of the genus Prunus, self-incompatibility is controlled by the interaction of genes belonging to the S locus, the combination of variants of which forms a specific S haplotype. Molecular S-genotyping methods are based on S-RNase gene sequences, which allow the identification of S-alleles and the classification of varieties with respect to incompatibility groups. To date, 31 S-haplotypes have been identified in sour cherries and sweet cherries, and some of the haplotypes are identical to each other. In sour cherry, 12 functional S-haplotypes and 9 nonfunctional ones have been described. 6 S-haplotypes of sour cherry species have also been described. Mutations that occur not only in the S-RNase and SFB genes, but also in regions not associated with the S-locus can lead to disruption of the self-incompatibility mechanism. Studies on the identification of self-incompatibility alleles of representatives of the Cerasus subgenus were in many cases carried out on the species P. avium L. The formation of self-(in)compatibility of tetraploid genotypes of sour cherry is due to the presence of mutations in the S-locus genes, which lead to the appearance of non-functional S-haplotypes. Self-incompatibility of pollen in sour cherry occurs when one fully functional S-allele in the pollen corresponds to one functional S-haplotype in the pistil. Currently, the study of the mechanism of self-incompatibility continues, and genotyping of sour cherry and sweet cherry varieties is carried out at S-loci. DNA analysis data is promising for predicting the level of compatibility of varieties during pollination and fruit set during hybridization.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>совместимость</kwd><kwd>вишня обыкновенная</kwd><kwd>черешня</kwd><kwd>S-РНКаза</kwd><kwd>SFB</kwd><kwd>молекулярные маркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>self(in)compatibility</kwd><kwd>sour cherry</kwd><kwd>sweet cherry</kwd><kwd>S-RNase</kwd><kwd>SFB</kwd><kwd>molecular markers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Обзор проведен в ходе исследований, выполненных в рамках реализации государственного задания ФГБНУ ФНЦ Садоводства № 0432–2022-0001 «Воспроизводство и сохранение ценных генотипов плодовых и ягодных культур методами новых биотехнологий»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The studies were carried out as part of implementing the state assignment No. 0432-2022-0001 of the Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery “Reproduction and Conservation of Valuable Genotypes of Fruit and Berry Crops Using New Biotechnology Methods”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang D. et al. 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