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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fruitberry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Плодоводство и ягодоводство России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-4948</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБНУ ВСТИСП</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/2073-4948-2025-83-130-142</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fruitberry-1436</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОХИМИЯ, ПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ И АГРОЭКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, SOIL SCIENCE AND AGROECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль ризосферных и эндофитных бактерий в повышении устойчивости растений к загрязнению почвы тяжелыми металлами (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria in enhancing plant resistance to soil heavy metal contamination (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-7394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобкова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobkova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>В. В. Бобкова, нс</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vstisp.agrochem@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4447-7340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>С. Н. Коновалов, внс, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный селекционно-технологическийцентр садоводства и питомниководства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnoloigy and Nursery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>83</volume><issue>0</issue><fpage>130</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бобкова В.В., Коновалов С.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бобкова В.В., Коновалов С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bobkova V.V., Konovalov S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.plodovodstvo.com/jour/article/view/1436">https://www.plodovodstvo.com/jour/article/view/1436</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты анализа научных публикаций за последние 5 лет в ведущих отечественных и зарубежных изданиях, касающихся тематики, связанной с проблемой загрязнения агрофитоценозов тяжелыми металлами (ТМ), с изучением современными молекулярными методами механизмов взаимодействия ассоциированных микроорганизмов с растениями при загрязнении ТМ, с разработкой способов снижения токсичности ТМ за счет использования устойчивых к ТМ штаммов и консорциумов ризосферных и эндофитных микроорганизмов, с применением методов инженерии микробиома, синтетической биологии. В результате проведенного анализа публикаций установлено, что современным, активно развивающимся в последние 5 лет направлением разработки способов снижения аккумуляции ТМ в растениях являются экологически безопасные биологизированные методы, основанные на применении ризосферных и эндофитных бактерий, обладающих способностью к минимизации концентрации и токсичности ТМ. Устойчивые к токсичности металлов микроорганизмы обладают различными механизмами устойчивости к ТМ, включающими окислительно-восстановительные процессы, процессы ионного обмена, метилирования, комплексообразования, осаждения, поверхностного комплексообразования, секвестрации, продуцирования биосурфактантов, сидерофоров, фитогормонов, внеклеточного химического осаждения, преобразования валентности и др. Необходимы предварительные полевые испытания прежде зарекомендовавших себя штаммов микроорганизмов в определенных почвенно-климатических условиях для конкретной культуры, сорта, подвоя, что связано с разными возможными механизмами детоксикации ТМ. На основании проведенного анализа научных публикаций сделан вывод, что использование бактерий, одновременно обладающих ростостимулирующими свойствами, а также способностью детоксицировать ТМ в ризосфере или во внутренних тканях растений, является экономичным и перспективным методом, который может найти применение в экологически безопасных биологизированных технологиях возделывания сельскохозяйственных культур. Перспективным, эффективным решением проблемы снижения опасности загрязнения сельскохозяйственной продукции ТМ могут стать методы оптимизации как ризосферных, так и бактериальных эндофитных сообществ сельскохозяйственных растений, основанные на методах инженерии микробиома, синтетической биологии с использованием омиксных методов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article presents a review of scientific literature published over the past five years in leading Russian and foreign journals concerning heavy metal (HM) contamination in agricultural systems. The use of advanced molecular methods for elucidating interaction mechanisms between plant-associated microorganisms and plants exposed to HM stress is discussed. In addition, the approaches of microbiome engineering and synthetic biology to reducing HM toxicity through HM-resistant strains and using a combination of rhizospheric and endophytic microorganisms are analyzed. The conducted review has revealed that environmentally sustainable biological methods, specifically those involving rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria capable of diminishing HM concentration and toxicity, represent a prominent and rapidly evolving direction in reducing plant HM accumulation. Metal-tolerant microorganisms employ diverse resistance mechanisms, including redox transformations, ion exchange, methylation, complex formation, precipitation, sequestration, and the production of biosurfactants, siderophores, phytohormones, as well as extracellular precipitation and valence alteration. Prior field testing of promising microbial strains is essential for specific crops, cultivars, or rootstocks under defined soil and climatic conditions, due to the variability in potential HM detoxification pathways. The conclusion is made that the use of bacteria which combine plant growth-promoting traits with the ability to detoxify HMs in the rhizosphere or plant endosphere represents a cost-effective and promising approach for eco-friendly agricultural biotechnologies. Optimizing both rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial communities of crops based on microbiome engineering, synthetic biology, and omics technologies appears a prospective and efficient strategy to mitigate the risks of HM contamination in agricultural products.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>устойчивость растений к загрязнению почвы тяжелыми металлами</kwd><kwd>методы повышения устойчивости</kwd><kwd>фитомикробиом</kwd><kwd>ризосфера</kwd><kwd>эндофитные бактерии</kwd><kwd>инженерия микробиома</kwd><kwd>синтетическая биология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plant resistance to soil heavy metal contamination</kwd><kwd>resistance enhancement methods</kwd><kwd>plant microbiome</kwd><kwd>rhizosphere</kwd><kwd>endophytic bacteria</kwd><kwd>microbiome engineering</kwd><kwd>synthetic biology</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены в соответствии с государственным заданием ФГБНУ ФНЦ Садоводства по теме «Изучение механизмов реализации генетического потенциала плодовых и ягодных культур на основе использования биологизированных методов» (FGUW-2025-0002).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the state order of FSBSO ARHCBAN for the topic «Study of mechanisms for the implementation of genetic potential of fruit and berry crops using biologized methods» (FGUW-2025-0002).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ngalimat M. 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