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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fruitberry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Плодоводство и ягодоводство России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-4948</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБНУ ВСТИСП</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/2073-4948-2026-86-108-118</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fruitberry-1523</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ зарубежных роботизированных решений для автоматизации обрезки яблони и сбора плодов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of foreign robotic solutions for automating apple tree pruning and fruit harvesting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полкачев</surname><given-names>Я. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polkachev</surname><given-names>Ya. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Я. Г. Полкачев, аспирант</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yagpolkachev@edu.hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стовбун</surname><given-names>И. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stovbun</surname><given-names>I. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>И. Я. Стовбун, аспирант</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientifi c Agroengineering Center VIM</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>86</volume><issue>0</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полкачев Я.Г., Стовбун И.Я., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полкачев Я.Г., Стовбун И.Я.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polkachev Y.G., Stovbun I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.plodovodstvo.com/jour/article/view/1523">https://www.plodovodstvo.com/jour/article/view/1523</self-uri><abstract><p>Промышленные сады повсеместно испытывают дефицит сезонной рабочей силы: затраты на ручной труд при уборке урожая и обрезке яблони в интенсивных насаждениях достигают 60-65 % себестоимости продукции. В последнее десятилетие за рубежом сформировался рынок роботизированных решений для семечковых культур, разделенный на два сегмента: платформы сбора плодов (TRL 7-8) и научно-экспериментальные прототипы обрезки (TRL 4-6). Цель работы – провести систематический сравнительный анализ зарубежных платформ, выявить их ключевые конструктивные и экономические ограничения и сформулировать конкретные рекомендации для разработки конкурентоспособного российского решения. В методологическую основу включены: анализ 34 источников 2014-2026 гг. (Scopus, WoS, отраслевые СМИ), интервью с основателем компании FFRobotics и полевые наблюдения в коммерческих садах Краснодарского края. По данным интервью, платформа FFRobotics при ширине плодовой стены до 50 см достигает производительности 20 т в сутки при проценте съема 90-95 %; при ширине 1 м процент съема падает до 50 % и ниже. Сравнительный анализ выявил критический разрыв между рассмотренными платформами: ни одна существующая система не совмещает в едином комплексе сбор яблок, обрезку и прореживание, ограничивая полезный период эксплуатации 2-3 месяцами в год. Дополнительно установлено, что в существующей литературе не проведен анализ платформы Advanced Farm Technologies – одного из наиболее конструктивно передовых решений с 6 манипуляторами на платформе и вакуумными захватами. На основании анализа сформулирована концепция рекомендуемого решения: самоходная платформа с 12 полностью независимыми манипуляторами картезианской кинематики типа ЧПУ, вакуумными присосками на тонких угловых трубках с возможностью ротации, пневматической адаптацией ширины колеи (3,5-4,5 м), встроенным конвейером с мягким лотковым сбросом и сменными насадками для обрезки и прореживания. Реализация данной концепции увеличит полезный период эксплуатации комплекса с 2-3 до 6 и более месяцев в год, что принципиально улучшает экономику окупаемости для садоводческих предприятий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Industrial orchards worldwide are experiencing a shortage of seasonal labor, with the costs of manual labor for harvesting and pruning apple trees in high-density orchards accounting for as much as 60–65 % of total production costs. Over the past decade, a market for robotic solutions for pome fruit crops has emerged internationally, comprising two main segments: fruit-harvesting platforms (TRL 7–8) and research and experimental pruning prototypes (TRL 4–6). This study aimed to conduct a systematic comparative analysis of foreign robotic platforms, identify their key technical and economic limitations, and formulate specifi c recommendations for the development of a competitive Russian solution. The methodology included an analysis of 34 sources published between 2014 and 2026, including publications indexed in Scopus and Web of Science, relevant industry media reports, as well as an interview with the founder of FFRobotics and fi eld observations conducted in commercial orchards in Krasnodar Krai. According to the interview, the FFRobotics platform achieves a productivity of 20 t/day at a harvesting rate of 90–95 % when the fruiting wall is up to 50 cm wide; when the width increases to 1 m, the harvesting rate decreases to 50 % or less. The comparative analysis revealed a critical gap among the considered platforms: no existing system integrates apple harvesting, pruning, and thinning into a single multifunctional platform, limiting its practical operating period to 2–3 months per year. In addition, the existing literature contains no analysis of the Advanced Farm Technologies platform, despite its advanced design incorporating six manipulators and vacuum grippers. As a result of the analysis, a concept for the proposed solution was developed. The concept comprises a self-propelled platform equipped with 12 fully independent Cartesian-coordinate manipulators with CNC control, rotatable vacuum suction cups mounted on thin angled tubes, pneumatic track-width adjustment (3.5–4.5 m), an integrated conveyor with a soft-chute discharge, and interchangeable attachments for pruning and thinning. Implementation of this concept could extend the practical operating period of the system from 2–3 months to 6 or more months per year, thereby potentially reducing the payback period for commercial horticultural enterprises.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>роботизированный сбор плодов</kwd><kwd>обрезка яблони</kwd><kwd>сельскохозяйственная робототехника</kwd><kwd>компьютерное зрение</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>манипулятор</kwd><kwd>вакуумный захват</kwd><kwd>интенсивный сад</kwd><kwd>сравнительный анализ.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>robotic fruit harvesting</kwd><kwd>apple tree pruning</kwd><kwd>agricultural robotics</kwd><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>manipulator</kwd><kwd>vacuum gripper</kwd><kwd>high-density orchard</kwd><kwd>comparative analysis.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karkee M., Vougioukas S., Devadoss S., Bhusal S. 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