At present, on the background of deterioration of the ecological situation, an increase in the frequency of dangerous mushroom epiphytoty and climate change, the Russian cherry gene pool does not meet contemporary production requirements. The accumulated and preserved Altai gene pool of the steppe cherry can be considered one of the most significant in the Russian Federation. It has a long history of creation and currently involves 6 wild-growing species, over 100 accessions and 4,070 hybrids from 255 families. Genetic sources of valuable breeding features were revealed, including 18 that act as the genetic producers of unreduced gametes. The collections involving 63 natural and 350 amitotic polyploids, created through in vitro culture, are constantly replenished and maintained. In the long term, the steppe cherry culture is expected to move on a new hexaploid level (2n = 48).To maintain and expand the existing original gene pool and for its successful use in breeding, a complex methodical approach is needed. The authors of the article proposed an improved scheme of the breeding process, including: the attraction of new wild-growing East Asian genetic sources (P. incisa Thunb., P. canescens Bois., P. serrulata Lindl.), remote hybridization, polyploidy, gamete selection, in vitro culture (embryoculture, micropropagation, mutagenesis), selection according to biochemical parameters for fruit quality. For the accelerated analysis of the data, an electronic database of chemical parameters of cherry fruit was created.