GROWTH AND FRUITING OF APPLE TREES IN A HIGH-INTENSITY GARDEN IN THE FOOTHILLS OF KABARDINO-BALKARIA

Abstract

Studies were conducted in the Kabardino-Balkaria in the foothills of the trellis-dwarf garden 2009-2010 with planting rootstock M9 and planting scheme 3,5 х 0,9 m. By the end of the 4th vegetation trees varieties Golden B, Golden Reinders and Grani Smith was reached a height of 3,5 m and more, which made it necessary to reduce them to 2,7 m. In Redchif varieties, Red Delicious Sandidzh, Gala tree height was reduced by 80-40 sm. Active growth in height of trees is not a negative factor, since 1/3 of the crop is placed on 2,5-3,0 m level. The study of leaf surface showed that by the end of the second growing season at the Golden B varieties on one tree has an average of 1180 leaves with an area of 2,50 m2, the 3rd year - 1930 leaves with an area of 4,35 m2. This value allows the leaf surface to form the 5-5,5 kg of fruit on the second and 11-12 kg in the third growing season on a single tree, without prejudice to the transition frequency of fruiting, it will be 17 and 36t/ha. From 4 to 7-year average yield was within 40,6-46,8 t/ha at average grades of vigor (Golden and Grani Smith) and 35,0-38,2 t / ha in the varieties with moderate growth (Redchif , RD Sandidzh). Recent varieties should be placed more densely in a row through 0,5-0,7 m with row spacing of 3,5 m.