Role of geographic origin of winter wheat variety in the realization of its productivity potential in the Belgorod region

Abstract

The work is devoted to the study of peculiarities of the hereditary potential of soft winter wheat productivity in the conditions of the Belgorod region. The study of yield of winter wheat varieties was conducted for two years. In 2016, 8 varieties zoned in our (fifth) region of this culture of breeding of the Belgorod and Kursk regions and 8 of other origin were studied. It is established that the yield in the first group of varieties made up of 5.31 t/ha, and in the second group it is 3.76 t/ha [(the Least Significant Difference) LSD_0.95 = 0.73 t/ha]. In 2017 continued the test. The second group, of southern origin, included 15 varieties. The following results were obtained: the first group had a yield of 6.45 ±0.24 t/ha and the second of 4.64 ±0.68 t/ha (t = 6.08***, p < 0.001). In the second group were the varieties approved for use in our region (4 varieties from 15) and rated their productivity. Their productivity made up 4.92 ±0.41 t/ha. The difference from the first group was 1.53 t/ha, which was statistically significant (t = 3.21*, p < 0.05). The obtained data confirm the results of varietal groups estimations yield for previous years (2008-2010). In this case, the group of Krasnodar-Zernograd varieties (4) breeding had an average yield of 3.25 t/ha for three years, 3.00 t/ha was of the Moscow origin (2), and varieties created in the Belgorod area (5) were un yield of 4.39 t/ha. Presented data indicate the need to expand breeding work in regions of the Russian Federation, which will allow more efficiently use of the potential in winter wheat culture. The positive temperature dynamics in recent years has not increased the adaptability of varieties of southern origin to the conditions of the Belgorod region.