Monitoring of disease and pest infestation of varieties and forms of the genus actinidia

Abstract

On the basis of phytosanitary monitoring of actinidia plants in three regions of the Central Federal District, it was found that the greatest leaf damage is caused by the imperfect fungus Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. The highest prevalence of alternariosis was noted in Actinídia kolomíkta, the maximum degree of pathogen development was noted in the Polish variety Adam (R = 12 %). An increase in the degree of damage by Alternaria was fixed with an increase in wind load and the occurrence of mechanical damage to the leaves. In the course of the experiments, it was determined that A. alternata is able to infect all studied species, and the ability of alternariosis to develop under various climatic conditions and its ability to reproduce various types of fruit, berry, and ornamental crops was noted. The susceptibility to alternariosis of A. kolomíkta, A. argúta, A. polygáma, A. giraldii, hybrids A. argúta and A. purpurea was assessed. Low susceptibility to alternariosis was noted in A. kolomíkta: VIR 1, Izobil’naya, Koroleva Sada, Moma, Soroka; A. giraldii: Juliania; A. arguta: Velikansha, Zolotaya Kosa, Lunnaya, Mikhnevskaya, Velikan; A. polygáma: Abrikosovaya, Zhar-Ptitsa, Zlata, Lesnaya; hybrids A. argúta with A. purpurea: Gibridnaya Kolbasinoy, Souvenir. The only fungal disease on the fruit is gray rot (the causative agent of fungi of the genus Botrytis), the differences in damage between varieties are insignificant, and the degree of development of the disease did not exceed 3 %. Among pests, the polyphage, the common spider mite (Tetranychus tellarius), has the greatest distribution in actinidia plants. Varieties A. argúta, A. polygáma, A. giraldii showed the least susceptibility to phytopathogens and phytophages. In the studied Actinídia species, diseases and pests of the root system are not fixed.