Modified elements of the technology of in vitro propagation of horticultural crops

Abstract

The optimized technology for in vitro propagation of such horticultural crops as apple and pear clonal rootstocks, raspberry and black currant varieties is based on modification of culture factors and on realization of morphogenetic potential of the studied genotypes. It was found, that regeneration ability in vitro is determined not only by chemical factors of culturing, but as well as by genotypical peculiarities of plants. The paper regards the advanced technology peculiarities for clonal apple rootstock propagation where the application of water-soluble substances as mineral base allows to simplify the process of preparing the nutrient media. The number of micro-shoots with their length of more than 1.5 cm will be increased by 13.4-43.6 %, the root formation process will be accelerated by 1-2 weeks. Micro-shoot and the root system quality will be improved. The rooting ability occurred to be accelerated by 20.0-93.3 % and adaptability of ex vitro plants increased by 4.7-33.3 % and the yield of the regenerated plants over 6 passages by 1.1-27.0. All these measures allowed us to reduce labor costs by 16.7 % and Mo cost price by 52.01 roubles. The optimized technique for clonal micropropagation of promising raspberry varieties is based on rooting of microshoots directly in soil substrate, excluding the in vitro stage of rooting. The elimination of the rhizogenesis stage from in vitro cycle allows reducing the number of subcultures by one passage. The technique above allows us to reduce labor costs for production of Mo by 27.9 % and the cost of adapted ex vitro plant by 44.6 roubles. The improved technique for clonal micropropagation of promising black currant varieties allows us to better the micro-shoot quality and to increase the number of micro-shoots suitable for rooting by 6.2- 86,5 % depending ok genotype and use hormon free nutrient medium for root formation.