Selection of scion/stock combinations of russian plum for intensive cultivation technologies

Abstract

The basis of modern industrial plantings of Russian plum are intensive technologies with the placement of 1000 to 8000 trees per hectare. For the formation of such agrocenoses, seedlings of varieties grafted on adaptive, weak-growing clonal rootstocks are used, which are more effective in comparison with vigorous seed seedlings. Today, one of the important tasks of modern horticulture is to improve the assortment, increase its adaptability based on the selection of compatible clonal rootstocks of different growth strengths of local breeding and the selection of the most productive scion/stock combinations. Of relevance to the southern zone of fruit growing, the question of using scion/stock combinations of the intensive type, combining complex resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, giving stable high yield of trees, good taste and canning qualities of the fruits and their transportability, as well as being resistant to diseases and pests. The work, сonducted on Krymsk Experimental Breeding Ststion –VIR Branch (Krymsk, Krasnodar Territory), presents the results of studies evaluating the economically valuable traits of varieties and rootstocks of Russian plum. It was established that grafted trees of the Globus and Kubanskaya Cometa varieties on a medium-sized clonal rootstock Kuban 86 with a planting pattern (5.0×3.0 m) over the years of research exceeded the control and plant tested clonal rootstocks (average yield 24.3 kg per tree, and 23.5, and the average mass of the fruit 51.5 and 37.2 g). On the dwarf rootstock (5.0×1.5 m), the best scion/ stock combinations were the combinations Globus/VVA 1 and Kubanskaya Cometa/VVA 1. Based on biological and economic estimates for the complex of economically valuable traits, the most valuable plum rootstocks and rootstocks were identified Russian. Practical recommendations are given to manufacturers to create effective plum gardens in this area.