COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF SCION-STOCK PLUM COMBINATIONS IN THE VORONEZH REGION

Abstract

In the pomological garden on the territory of the Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter I, scientific research is conducted on the study of graft — rootstock combinations of plum selection of the Department of Fruit and Vegetable Growing and research institutions of the country. Plum plantations are represented by varieties of domestic plum (Prunus domestica L.): Voronezhskaya compotnaya, Bolkhovchanka, Universalnaya and Utro, grafted on seed — seedlings of cherry plum (control) and clonal rootstocks: OP-23-23, SVG-11-19 and VSV-1. The research was carried out in the period 2017–2019 in a garden planted in the spring of 2013 according to the 6×4 m scheme. The highest indicators of crown habit and yield, ranging from 8.8 for the Bolkhovchanka variety to 12.7 t/ha for the Universalnaya, were observed in trees grafted on seed rootstocks (k). At the same time, the quality of fruits in such plantings was inferior to the graft-rootstock combinations on clonal rootstocks. The most restrained parameters of the crown and the minimum yield (5.1-6.3 t/ha) were observed in the studied varieties on the low-growing rootstock VSV-1, and the volume of the crown, depending on the variety, changed slightly and was in the range of 1.7-2.8 m³. On medium-sized rootstocks of OP-23-23 and SVG-11- 19, the maximum yield (7.7-8.9 t/ha) was determined for the Bolkhovchanka, Universalnaya and Utro, and the minimum yield was for the Voronezhskaya compotnaya — 6.3-7.3 t/ha. Analyzing the suitability of graft-rootstock plum combinations for compacted plantings by the value of specific productivity, it can be recommended on medium-sized rootstocks OP-23-23 and SVG-11-19 for varieties Bolkhovchanka and Utro (6.5-7.7 kg/m³), on the rootstock SVG-11-19 — Universalnaya (6.6 kg/m³) and the studied varieties of low-growth rootstock VSV-1 (5.1-8.5 kg/m³).