INFLUENCE OF SHAPE FORM ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPES OF KUNLEAN AND PERVENETS MAGARACHА VARIETIES

Abstract

The research was carried out in 2009, 2010, 2017, 2018 on the grape plantations of the experimental site of the Novocherkassk branch of the All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking (Novocherkassk, Rostov region). In the vineyard of the Kunlean variety (rootstock Kober 5BB), planted in 2003 according to the 3x1.5 m scheme, the experiment provided for two options with bush shapes: a two-sided horizontal cordon and a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve and a recovery knot. On the root-related plantings of grapes tolerant to phylloxera of the Pervenets Magaracha variety, planted in 1986 according to the same scheme, the forms of the bush were studied: a two-sided horizontal cordon, a long-sleeve and a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve and a recovery knot. The load of shoots in all variants for both varieties was the same — 40 shoots per bush. The purpose of the research was a comparative analysis of the fruitfulness, yield and quality of grapes, depending on the shape of the bush. As a result of many years of research, it was revealed: on the Pervenets Magaracha variety, the highest rates of fertility (the share of fruit-bearing shoots is 82 %, K1 — 1.45) and yield (14.0 t/ha) were in plantings with the form of bushes-a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve and a recovery knot. The quality of the grapes was approximately equal in the variants with a long-sleeve and shaping and a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve. The data on the annual growth of shoots were the lowest in the variant with a single-arm stem shape (shoot volume of 7.9 cm3, maturation of 44 %). On the Kunlean variety, the highest parameters of fruitfulness (the share of fruit — bearing shoots is 85 %, K1 — 1.80), yield (27.0 t/ha) and the quality of berry juice (230 sugars and 7.8 g/cm3 titrated acids) were in plantings with the form of bushes-a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve. Data on the annual growth of shoots were also higher in this variant (shoot volume 35.0 cm3, aging 68 %).