Using the methods of artifi cial freezing and multidimensional statistical analysis, the total winter hardiness potential of more than 50 varieties and forms of apple trees has been revealed. The ranking of the genotypes according to the general degree of winter hardiness, taking into account its main components and the physiological disparity of the damaged tissues, was carried out. It was based on the proximity of the object to the model of the ideal variety.

Evaluation of apple hybrid seedlings obtained from topcross-crosses for resistance to salinity was carried out. The infl uence of both additive and non-additive gene interactions on the formation of resistance with some predominance of the lasts was revealed. Donors and hybrid combinations with high combining ability, promising for practical use in breeding for resistance to salinization were identifi ed. Hybrid seedlings as sources of high and stable resistance were singled out.

For new apple varieties that have been created in recent years, an integrated evaluation of commercial quality and biochemical composition of fruits was carried out in the Breeding and Genetic Center of I. V. Michurin Federal Scientifi c Center. On the studied characteristics the varieties: Uspenskoe, Skala, Bylina, Vympel, Flagman, Krasulya, Pamyati Nesterova, Kaskad, Gejzer, Gotika, Stela, Strela were revealead.

The results of studies at the stage of introduction of strawberries into the culture in order to increase the yield of sterile viable explants have been presented in the article. The purpose of research was to determine the infl uence of sterilizers on the viability of strawberry varieties’ explants into in vitro culture; to establish favorable periods for introduction into the culture. The high survival rate of explants in isolation in the phase of active growth (June) was revealed. The highest yield of sterile and viable explants was noted in the variants of sterilization with 0.1% solution of sulema (64.7-71.7%).

The article presents the results of studies of the forms of primocane raspberry in terms of productivity components, the biochemical composition of berries and fi eld drought tolerance. The most valuable forms 2-20 and 1-33, which will allow to get a harvest of at least 1.8 kg from a bush with excellent taste and adapted to the conditions of the steppe zone of the Orenburg Urals region were revealed.

The results studies of productivity of grapes in the conditions of steppe of the Urals were showed that the varieties early Russkiy ranniy, Avgustin, Muromets, Arkadia, Agat donskoy, 15-03-1 (Podarok Shatilova), Ruta, Beloye chudo, Pam’at’ Dombkovskoy were the most productive. All studied varieties are well adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the region and can be recommended for amateur and commercial viticulture.

The article discusses two large monocultures - Iris L. and Paeonia L. in terms of use for urban landscaping. The criteria for the selection of promising varieties were formulated. Using the statistical methods for a number of quantitative traits, the credibility of the differences revealed between the studied varieties was determined. Varieties that are promising for use on objects of landscape architecture of various categories of use were selected.

The results of self-fertility studies of promising golden currant varieties including Otrada variety, in comparison with the standard variety Barnaulskaya at years 2013-2016 are presented. Analysis of obtained data showed signifi cant variability both within years and accessions. High level of self-fertility obtained on Otrada variety and in selected forms 4197-06-1, 4189-06-9. They can be used in breeding for self-fertility. There was found no dependence on varieties reaction to temperature conditions (min, max, min-max, average per day) as well as to relative air humidity. The infl uence of effective and active temperatures level on self-fertility of golden currant accessions has been revealed. During the years of research, the percentage of the fruit’s formation in most accessions at free pollination was closely related to the self-pollination level.

The work refl ects the changeability of one-two-year seedlings of apricot Manchurian grown from the seeds of selectable specimens in the arboretum of the M. F. Reshetnev Siberian state University of science and technology, which is located in the green zone of Krasnoyarsk. A comparative analysis of seedlings by biometric characteristics was made. The individuals differing on height, trunk diameter were revealed, the percentage of standard seedlings, which is 41-69% at the age of one and 67-82% at the age of two, is determined. The most intensive growth of the different seedlings was for the family D. 1875, their height was at the age of two years 52,4 cm. The grown seed offspring is used to replenish the collection of the arboretum and Vs. M. Krutovsky Botanical garden.

The results of the primary research on the study of the infl uence of the organic-mineral fertilizer “Evrikor-Forte+7” on the activation of the growth processes of honeysuckle seedlings in controlled conditions of the protected soil are presented. The use of organic-mineral fertilizer improved the rooting rate of cuttings and had a positive effect on biometric indicators and the development of the blue honeysuckle root system. The greatest effect was obtained from the use of the drug with a fl ow rate of 0,12 ml/l.

The paper presents the results of studying the effect of the probiotics biological product (Plex-Em LLC) on green crops (lettuce, parsley, dill, coriander, celery, green onion), strawberries, the development of sweet pepper seedlings and eggplant, when grown in hydroponic greenhouse of Belgorod State Agrarian University; a tendency to increase the linear parameters of cotyledons and true leaves in the treated seedlings of sweet pepper and eggplant plants was noted. With the use of the drug “Probiotics” an increase was observed in the height of plants in green crops by 13-29 % and in the mass of one plant by 19-38 %. The yield of green products per unit area increased from 8 % for parsley to 51 % for coriander. The drug “Probiotics” contributed to the improvement of economically valuable plants of strawberry: the number of fl owering plants increased by 35 %, the berry weight by 38%. The content of vitamin A, C and E in berries increased, but the amount of vitamin B2 decreased.

The paper presents data on the content of heavy metals in the fruits of apple varieties Zolotoy ship summer ripening growing in the Botanical garden Vs. M. Krutovsky, at different distances from the road (15 m, 35 m, 60 m, 90 m). Metals that are contained in small quantities were identifi ed. The great infl uence of the proximity of the road on the content of metals in fruits was confi rmed. There is also an increased accumulation of some elements in the fruits of the studied varieties. Environmental conditions of growth of the garden. Vs. M. Krutovsky is of particular interest as an object of scientifi c research. These studies can be used in the cultivation of fruit crops in areas close to the sources of pollution.

The effect of soil mixture on the photosynthetic activity of the leaves, the vegetative growth and the diameter of the trunk of Chinese plum seedlings when grown in containers were studied. The studies were carried out at the South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato of Ural Federal Agrarian Scientifi c Research Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2016-2018. The peat, controlled-release fertilizer Basacote, hydrogel «Aquasin» were tested as components of the soil mixture. During the fi rst growing season, the maximum number of chinese plum seedlings of 1st and 2nd commercial varieties were obtained in the variant with the use of soil mixture “soil-peat-Bazakot”. In 2018, the profi tability in this variant was 120%, which is 65,2 percentage points higher than the control.

The research considers the actual directions of biological control of the apple moth, which ensures high effi cacy of crop protection in the complex application of pheromone disorientation, entomopathogenic virus and parasitic hymenopterous Habrobracon hebetor Say. It has been found out that complementary methods of disrupting sexual chemical communication of the pest, the use of the AM granulovirus and 2-3 multiple releases of the habrobracon allow to preserve the yield at the level of the chemical standard. Achieved effi cacy is ensured by the prolonged and regular emission of pheromone and dispensers, high effi cacy and selectivity of the baculovirus preparation Fermovirin AM and the parasitic activity of the ectoparasite habrobracon H. hebetor against the apple moth caterpillars of middle and older age.

The results of breeding evaluation of parent forms and hybrid offspring of strawberry on resistance to white spot have been presented in the article. The genetic sources of this trait, the varieties Kupchikha, Lyubava, Tsaritsa, Bereginya, Venta and selections of 2-299-4, ISP-5(K), 3-5-1 have been singled out. The perspective families in breeding for increased resistance to this pathogen are Kupchikha x Krasnyi Bereg, Kupchikha x Lyubava, Kupchikha x Honei, 2-299-4 x Tsaritsa, ISP- 5 (K) x Kent, Tsaritsa x Darselect, Maryshka x 3-5-1, 3-5-1 x Red gontlit, 808-28 x Tsaritsa and populations from the combined pollination varieties Kupchikha, Tsaritsa, Venta. It was established that the dominance of resistance to white spot in F1 is possible when crossing between themselves resistant and relatively resistant genotypes.

Studies conducted in perennial plantations of fruit crops of the Research Institute “Zhiguliy Gardens” in 2015-2018 showed that the main disease in the apple orchard is the scab Venturia inaqualis (Cooke) G. Winter. The variety most susceptible to this pathogen is the apple variety Spartak. Weather conditions in 2015, 2016 and 2017 favored the development of scab epiphytotics. Monitoring of the scab development dynamics taking into account the weather conditions made it possible to change the plant protection scheme in a timely manner and achieve a positive dynamics of reducing the development of scab on leaves and fruits in 2018 and reduce the stock of the pathogen for 2019.

In the article the results of molecular-genetic identifi cation of the pathogens causing brown rot, anthracnose and quarantine disease - fi re blight are presented. Molecular analysis data of rDNA Venturia inaequalis isolates - causative agent of apple scab are presented. Genetic heterogeneity of pathogen populations has been revealed.

The species composition and the degree of danger of pests in plantations of horticultural crops is the subject to constant metamorphosis, which, of course, is interconnected with the continuous evolutionary process in nature. The intensity of change depends both on the environmental conditions (habitat) and on the adaptive capacity and ecological plasticity of the living components of the ecosystem. The factors of active dynamics of this process at present are global warming and the associated expansion of the range of a number of crops to the north, changes in variety composition, growing technologies, systems and plant protection products, as well as the invasive process activation, occurring both naturally and related with active logistics and uncontrolled exchange of planting material. The listed reasons and aggravation of the ecological situation require a more rational approach to the problems of protecting plants from pests and diseases. For this, it is necessary to analyze in detail the composition of the most dangerous species, to study the bioecological characteristics of development, to scientifi cally substantiate the proposed methods and methods for their control in new conditions, which was the goal of our research.

To increase the effi cacy of the biofungicides laboratory samples the production technology has been optimized under the conditions of pilot bioreactors, with a useful volume of 100 and 150 liters. We have determined the growth characteristics and antifungal activity of bacteria strains of the genus Bacillus, which are the basis of laboratory samples of biofungicides, and also the biological effectiveness of the best options in the fi eld conditions has been established.

The results of studies to determine the culture-morphological peculiarities of Colletotrichum acutatum species complex are presented in the article. Eleven isolates from infected fruit and small fruit crops were revealed. As result of sequencing, the following species belonging to the isolates were determined: C. acutatum, C. nymphaeae - strawberry, C. fi oriniae - pear, C. godetiae - ornamental apple tree, C. fi oriniae - grapes. The most optimal environment for growth and sporulation of C. acutatum fungi complex were potatodextrose agar, Mathur’s Medium Modifi ed, oat agar.

An evaluation of the infl uence of temperature and precipitation on the seasonal fl ight dynamics and pheromone monitoring effectiveness of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. is given in the article.

Indicators of the biological effi cacy of the fungicide Polar 50, VG (500 g/kg polyoxin complex) with a consumption rate of 150, 200, 250 g/ha against powdery mildew and apple alternaria under the conditions of the second soil-climatic zone have been determined. The experiment was carried out on the basis of the All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection on the apple variety Renet Simirenko. It was found that the fungicide Polar 50, VG, restrained the spread and development of the infection at a high level. The highest biological effi cacy was in the variant with the consumption rate of 250 g/ha and amounted to 86.8% against powdery mildew, and 91.3% against alternaria.

A description of some elaborations of the Institute applicable in horticulture, their in comparison with the known devices for monitoring the number of pests, faunal studies; as well as to predict the development and spread of phytopathogens was carried out. The described devices and methods are applicable in green systems for protecting fruit crops from pests and diseases. Proper use of them will reduce the cost of protective measures and will contribute to the formation of sustainable agroecosystems with a high capacity for natural biocenotic regulation.

The results of application on black currant of a number of fungicides against the American mealy dew, anthracnose and septoria spot have been presented in the work. The objects of researches were 5 black currant varieties with different degree to pathogens resistance. The effi ciency of such preparations as Phytosporin-M, Topaz, Rayok, as well as the biostimulators Zircon, Mival-Agro, Epin-Еxtra together with Phytosporin-M has been studied. It was established that the most effi ciency against the mealy dew had preparations Rayok and Topaz, against leaf spotting - Phytosporin-M + Zircon.

New disease of Indian Sesame was revealed for the fi rst time in Moldova and Transnistria which causative agent belongs to phytoplasma. Symptoms of the disease are yellowing, leafroll, intense defoliation, signifi cantly shortening of the branches, as well as the lack of fl owers and fruits on the productive parts of the main shoot and at last drying. Identifi cation of pathogen was conducted visually, by the tetracycline test and PCR in agarose gel. New varieties of Sesame Swan and Mulatto with dense pubescence of the leaves and fl owers have been observed healthy for lack of phytoplasma.

An increase of peach resistance to leaf curl has been established when applying immuno-inducers of Albite and Acogel. Applying these preparations leads to a significant increase of salicylic acid content in peach leaves. After two treatments with Albite the salicylic acid content increased by 8 times, while with Ecogel treatment, the salicylic acid content increased by 2,6 times. The increase of salicylic acid level in leaves is accompanied by the activation of photosynthesis. Obviously, the salicylate pathway promotes the development of nonspecific induced immunity to peach leaf curl.