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Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia

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Vol 52 (2018)

GENETICS, BREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION

9-15 280
Abstract
Application in breeding of various combinations of crossing of the best varieties and forms of Aapple trees, with a high level of resistance to low temperatures after the thaw, allows to obtain winter-hardy genotypes in the offspring and to more deeply study the inheritance of this trait.
16-20 289
Abstract
The article presents the results of the evaluation of 12 new promising sources of resistance to scab and powdery mildew of Belarusian apple breeding. Apple genotypes with complex resistance to diseases are identifi ed - carriers of 3-4 genes for resistance to scab and one for powdery mildew in one genotype: 2000-45 / 70 (Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi5, Rvi6, Pl-d), 94-13 / 39 (Rvi2, Rvi5, Rvi6), 2007-19 / 15 (Rvi2, Rvi6, Rvi17, Pl-d).
21-24 244
Abstract
The article discusses the concept of quality assurance of herbal products of medicinal plants. A transition is proposed to ensure the quality of production at all stages of cultivation of medicinal plants, taking into account the principles of GASP (seed production, cultivation conditions, varieties of medicinal plants).
25-30 305
Abstract
The results and prospects of using the variety of golden currant Levushka in breeding process are shown. During research period the yield of this variety reached 4.8 kg/bush, the mass of berries was 2.3 g, high taste features and biochemical qualities were noted. The variety Levushka showed the best results among other varieties to create new varieties of specimens. Elite forms in its progeny were revealed with a complex of valuable features. It was effective the use of the Levushka variety as a mother plant, which is important to take into consideration when combining crosses. Obtained results reveal a high biological potential of the variety and possibility of its realization in new genotypes of golden currant.
31-37 257
Abstract
The article considers the stages of development of All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding and Seed Vegetable Crops and its transformation into the Federal Scientifi c Vegetable Center. The main directions of research on breeding and seed production of vegetable crops and achievements at this stage are shown. The tasks of the Federal Scientifi c Vegetable Center development and methods for their solution are outlined.

VARIETY STUDY AND INTRODUCTIONS

38-45 293
Abstract
He aim of this work was to develop new methodological approaches for the integrated evaluation of the genus Thuja L. on the example of introduced varieties and the identifi cation of the most promising in assortment for landscaping in the southern region. The article presents the results of the evaluation of adaptive and decorative features of the two species: thuja occidentalis (Thuja occidentalis L.), the varieties - Brabant, Degroots Spire, Malonyana, Mini Smaragd, Brobeck’’s Tower, Litomysl, Smaragd Variegata; plicata arborvitae (Thuja plicata L.), the varieties Zebrina, Atrovirens, Can-Can and the Dura, which allowed us to develop a rating scale that includes the characteristic block of adaptability - winter hardiness, drought tolerance, disease resistance, wind resistance and block decorative features - architectonics of the crown, determined by the structure of the shoots and branches, shape and covering by needles of crown; the color of the crown in summer and winter; the aroma of pine needles, due to the content of essential oils, specifi city and the period of maximum decorativeness. Each symptom was evaluated on a 5 point scale. When calculating the total score, each obtained score was indexed for a particular attribute by means of a transfer coeffi cient of signifi cance (P), the value of which was determined by the duration of each characteristic. The maximum possible score for the complex of symptoms was equal to 100 and consists of a maximum on the grounds of adaptability and ornamental characteristics. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of 11 promising introduced thuya varieties in the southern region, an evaluation scale of adaptive and decorative features has been proposed that can be used to evaluate other coniferous plants. Highly decorative (80-95 points) varieties: Degroots Spire, Mini Smaragd, Atrovirens, Dura and decorative (65-79 points) varieties - Brabant, Can-Can, Smaragd Variegata, Brobeck’s Tower, Malonyana, were revealed for landscaping.
46-52 397
Abstract
The article summarizes data received from various information sources about species of vegetable plants present in the natural fl ora of the Chechen Republic, used by Caucasian and other peoples for food purposes. In total, 230 species from 122 genera and 47 families were revealed. Among them there are 3 species of ferns, 227 angiosperms: 184 species of dicotyledonous (107 genera, 34 families), 43 species of monocots (13 genera from 11 families). The largest number of vegetable species is found in the families: Brasscaceae (31 species), Alliaceae (21), Fabaceae, Polygonaceae (20 each), Apiaceae, Asteraceae (17), Chenopodiaceae (16), Lamiaceae, Orchidaceae (10), Rosaceae 7), Campanulaceae (5), Boraginaceae, Malvaceae, Plantaginaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Ranunculaceae (3 each); In the remaining 31 families - for 1-2 species. The presented materials expand the idea of the resource potential of the local fl ora. The issues of phytodiversity protection were considered.
53-56 252
Abstract
The article presents the results of investigations study of 11 varieties and hybrids of cherry breeding of the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine in the climate conditions of the Republic of Belarus. There are selected revealed two cherry cultivars varieties Odrynka and Bryanochka with complex economic-useful traits (winter hardiness, high yield, large fruit, taste of the fruits) for cherry breeding as sources. The State Register of varieties of the Republic of Belarus were included the cherry varieties Ovstuzhenka (2012) and Tyutchevka (2015).

MODERN NURSERY

57-61 367
Abstract
There are presented study results of apple-trees clonal rootstocks of different ecological-geographical origin. The clonal rootstocks of apple trees B7-35, Arm18, 62-396 and B16-20 were revealed by the efficiency of reproduction in the mother plantation and in the fields of formation of the nursery, as well as by the stunting of the trees of grafted varieties in the garden, early fertility and productivity. These stocks are recommended for reproduction and creation of highly productive gardens in Kazakhstan.
62-70 236
Abstract
The article presents the results of the use of herbicidal preparations in the production system of seedlings of ornamental trees as a certifi ed planting stock. In the experiment on preparation of the piece of land for laying the nursery, the biological effectiveness of glyphosate (at a maximum dose of up to 6 l/ha) equal to 95-100% growth, imazapyr (maximum dose 2.5 l/ha) equal to 69-100 %. Complete destruction of dicotyledonous, early and late spring weeds (Matricaria sp., Galeopsis sp., Chenopodium album, Stellaria media, etc.), as well as grass (Poa sp., Setaria sp., Elytrigia sp.) was observed. Application of agrotechnical measures provoked the germination of seeds and the destruction of vegetative weeds but not effective against persistent perennial species (Cirsium arvense, Sonchus sp., Tussilago farfara, Ranunculus repens, Stachys palustris, etc.). Held experience to improve the competitiveness of seedlings of coniferous species fi rst and second year relative to the weeds. The use of soil herbicides on the basis of tribenuron-methyl and chlorimuron-ethyl gave a good quality seed material (no deviations compared to control) on the background of high biological effi ciency (up to 92%). The use of the drug on the basis of metsulfuron-methyl caused inhibition of seedling growth and death of the plants of the fi rst and second year of cultivation (more than ¼ of the cases).
71-76 259
Abstract
The effect of drip irrigation and pinching and foliar treatment with microfertilizer “Megamix - Foliar top dressing” on the quality of apple tree seedlings was studied. These agrotechnical methods have a direct effect on the intensity of the lateral branching (there were reacted more strongly the varieties on the rootstock M-9 “Red Ligol” for 1 branch, “Chempion” for 1 branch on the rootstock M-26, “Ligol” for 1 branch ) and the total growth of shoots (for example, on the Piros variety the total increase was 112,5 cm (+53,5 cm), while on the Ligol variety the total increase was 74,2 cm, which was 19,6 cm more than the reference value), as well as the height of the plant (the minimal change was observed on the Ligol variety of the rootstock M-9 + 5 cm, the maximum was observed on the Geneva variety of the rootstock M-9 +11 cm).
77-81 292
Abstract
Creation of network of Breeding and nursery centers (BNC) has to become the basis for organized production of landing material of grapes. In North Caucasian Federal Scientifi c Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making the Regulation on BNC on production of landing material and saplings of grapes of the highest categories of quality was drafted. The Regulation establishes the status of BNC, contains regulatory and legal base of ensuring activity and a regulation of processes, establishes the principles of the organization of activity, types of the relations of participants and ways of their regulation, contains a list of technological and tool equipment, defi nes criteria and requirements to implementation of processes, landing material and saplings of grapes.
82-86 254
Abstract
The article presents the results of monitoring of genetic collections of black currant and honeysuckle for virus infection. Free from harmful virus plants of black currant and honeysuckle that can be used for the planting of new crops and in breeding for the creation of productive varieties were revealed.
87-94 287
Abstract
In the conditions of Tambov region on leached chernozem soil there was studied the infl uence of foliar nutrition with complex of mineral fertilizers on morphological characteristics and productivity of clonal rootstocks and seedlings. The positive infl uence of additional fertilizing on the yield of annual seedlings was established. The highest effi ciency was provided by treatments with preparations Aquarin and Master (the concentration of working solution was 0,5%). It was noticed the variability of scion-rootstock combinations responsiveness to the additional fertilizing: the most variable there were the varieties grafted on the rootstock 62-396, in comparison with the varieties grafted on the stock 54-118. Among the tested varieties the most responsive to the use of foliar nutrition was the variety Antonovka obyknovennaya grafted on both rootstocks.
95-99 428
Abstract
The results of experiments on reproduction and creation of plantings of the arctic bramble on a peat bog are presented.

AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, SOIL SCIENCE AND AGROECOLOGY

100-107 261
Abstract
The comparison of variety peculiarities of Pb and Ni accumulation in strawberry plants was performed in a fi eld experiment. Four strawberry varieties (‘Rubinovy Kulon’, ‘Mamochka’, ‘Bylinnaya’ and ‘Bogema’) were cultivated in the conditions of technogenic pollution without fertilizers and with N90P90K90 application. It was determined that the fertilization weakened the effectiveness of the internal barriers in plants of ‘Rubinovy Kulon’, resulting in a Pb and Ni concentration increase in the fruits in 2 times. At the same time, in the variety ‘Bogema’ on the N90P90K90 background the Pb and Ni fl ow from roots to aboveground part of the plant was reduced and the content of these elements in fruit was signifi cantly decreased.
108-111 304
Abstract
It is revealed that the application of mineral fertilizers promotes the increase of lamina area on the black pair from 27,3 to 31,3 см2. System content of soil between rows of the garden also infl uenced the formation of the assimilation surface of leaves of Apple. The smallest area of leaf plates with solid turf depending on doses of nitrogen fertilizers was varied in the range of 24,7 to 26,9 cm2.
112-119 290
Abstract
In the intensive apple orchard in the Tambov region was studied, the effect of different number of calcium treatments on its concentration in apple fruits, on the development of physiological disorders during storage in usual atmosphere, and fruit pulp fi rmness was studied. It was found that the positive infl uence of calcium on the fruit fi rmness increase and the decrease of losses from the development of watercore and internal breakdown occurs only with 10 calcium treatments during the growing season.
120-127 294
Abstract
In the intensive apple orchard on the background of various modifi cations of foliar nutrition systems, we studied the effects of treatments with boron, calcium and an amino acid biostimulant in various combinations during the fl owering period. A positive effect of foliar fertilization with calcium on the improvement of the fruitset from free pollination has been established. The parameters of the content in the leaves of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium were determined, at which the increase of fruitset was noted.
128-135 282
Abstract
In the intensive orchard of the Michurin Federal Scientifi c Center in the Tambov region the dynamics of the phosphorus content in the apple tree leaves during the vegetation was studied against the background of different availability of soil with phosphorus. A close positive correlation between the leaf phosphorus and yield was observed only during blossoming. There was determined the optimal content of leaf phosphorus of the Zhigulevskoye variety in fl owering stage. The importance of fertigation and foliar fertilizing for optimization of phosphorus nutrition in May is shown.
136-139 275
Abstract
In the Stavropol Botanical Garden, research is being carried out into the use of medicinal plants in landscape design. Along with the medicinal properties of plants, their decorative qualities and resistance to the climatic conditions of the cultivation area are taken into account. In the study are nine species of the family Lamiaceae, their resistance to climatic conditions, to diseases and pests was established, a descriptive characteristic of the shape and color of plants is given. All studied species were given a positive evaluation for growing under the conditions of the Stavropol upland.
140-145 313
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the infl uence of different types of salinity on fruit plants and the possibility of using sodium chloride solution in the simulation of salinity in the laboratory. Comparative evaluation of the effect of a solution of various salts on cultivars of apples, pears and cherries using a method of damage assessment leaves the speed and degree of fading of chlorophyll. The close correlation between the average degree of salt damage, and leaf damage in each of the studied salt solutions, between the degree of damage to leaves of plants in solutions of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, sodium chloride and calcium chloride, sodium sulfate and sodium hydrogen carbonate (r - 0,66-0,85).

METHODS AND WAYS OF PROTECTING PLANTS FROM DISEASE AND PESTS

146-151 259
Abstract
The results of complex studies on the use of biological preparations Bactofi t, Vitaplan, Gamair, Risoplan, Fitosporin-M in the protection of cherry plum from clusterosporiosis (Stigmina carpophila (Lev.) M.B., Ellis) are presented. Double treatment with Vitaplan, Gamair, Risoplan and Phytosporin-M showed high effi ciency of plum protection from clusterospirosis, which exceeds the effectiveness of chemical fungicides treatments in the experiments of 2014-2017. Bactofi t showed the same results as the control, however, along with the above mentioned biopreparations it is prominent to replace chemical protection preparations. Protocols for the use of biofungicides have been developed for the plum varieties Obilnaya and Kubanskaya kometa which differ in the degree of fi eld resistance to the phytopathogens.
152-156 236
Abstract
The prevalence of harmful Prunus dwarf virus ( PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Cherry leaf roll spot virus (CLRV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) on plum varieties, sweet cherry and clone stocks in the conditions of Moscow region has been studied. The total viruses contamination was 50% for plum plants, 57% for cherry plum, 45% for clonal rootstocks, and varied between 14-43% for individual viruses with prevalence of PDV, PNRSV, CLRV viruses. There were revealed 10 plum varieties, 3 cherry plum varieties and 4 forms of clone stocks free from harmful viruses to obtain sources plants.
157-162 813
Abstract
The article presents comparative data on the study of the development and spread of brown spotting (Entomosporium maculatum Lev.) in the conditions of vegetation seasons 2013-2016. A comparative analysis of the water-temperature regime of the study period is presented. It was revealed that the most favorable conditions for vegetation periods for the development of brown spots on the leaves of pears were formed in 2013, 2015: abundant precipitation during the season, optimal humidity and air temperature. An estimation of varieties on resistance to brown patch of pear leaves in the nursery is given in the conditions of the Tambov region. Data on the biological effectiveness of the use of Stroby; Poliram DF; Score; Abiga-Peak in the fi ght against the brown spot of pear leaves in the nursery in the conditions of the growing seasons 2013-2016.
163-168 238
Abstract
Agrilus ribesi Schaefer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is one of the most aggressive pests of black currant. It causes signifi cant damage, to both in nursery and in fruit-bearing plants. Larvae are secretive, practically inaccessible to the applied insecticides. Protective measures are carried out mainly against the imago A. ribesi. Treatment should be carried out immediately before and during the mass summer fl ight of beetles.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

169-173 258
Abstract
Traditional and electronic resources of CSAL on gardening are described. The library has a unique collection in all branches of AIC, more than 3 mln items with annual additions of more than 20 thousand items. Centralized Library System created in CSAL includes Central Catalogue and Electronic Library of Scientifi c Institutions in AIC, it attracts asset holders and provides their interaction for creation of a single information space for a branch. Current bibliographical and abstract publications also include materials on nursery gardening. There are over 101575 documents on this subject in the “AGROS” database. A microthesaurus was developed with the purpose of standardization and normalization of terminology on gardening and fruit growing.
174-180 232
Abstract
The extent, quality and type of information on basic fruit crops available in AGRIS - International Information System on Agriculture and Related Branchs, was investigated. A thematic search was carried out among the documents that were published in 2012-2016 and presented in AGRIS. It was shown that information on the main fruit crops, in particular on genus Malus, Prunus, Pyrus etc., is represented in AGRIS quite widely and qualitatively. The diversity of cultures and aspects of their study are refl ected. Almost all documents have an abstract, most have quick access to the full text. Main world data provider of information on fruit crops presented in AGRIS is the National Agricultural Library of the United States, the domestic one is the Central Scientifi c Agricultural Library (Moscow). To better refl ect the achievements of Russian scientists in AGRIS it was recommended to editors to duplicate in English title, full information about authors, keywords; to ensure the availability of quality abstracts in Russian and English, as well as free access to electronic versions of the articles.
181-187 255
Abstract
Enrichment of thesaurus content with new professional vocabulary is oriented toward its updating according to the current state of science and practice. The agriculture and food thesaurus created in the Central Scientifi c Agricultural Library of 49659 terms in all branches of Agricultural Industrial Complex and meets the requirements of State Standard. Among its functions are: control and normalization of agriculture and food vocabulary, and functioning as the terminological handbook in the fi eld of agriculture and food. The scientifi c research and processes carried out for normalization of the scientifi c vocabulary included into thesaurus are shown: term selection, lexicographic processing, vocabulary systematization and grouping, creation of hierarchical trees and classifi cation schemes.
188-196 224
Abstract
The purpose of the conducted research was the assessment of quality and ways of obtaining information by farmers for increase of effi ciency of their economic activity by improvement of technological and branch spheres. In work the following methods were used: abstract and logical, economical and statistical, monographic and questionnaires. Need of activation of innovative activity of agricultural producers is substantiated in article. Essential value in this process of information support of producers, including owners of peasant (individual) farms are proved. Ways of obtaining information by farmers are refl ected and the directions on their improvement are given.


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ISSN 2073-4948 (Print)