The results of comparative study of some peculiarities of the leaf area formation of 7 floricane raspberry varieties and 7 primocane raspberry genotypes are presented. An evaluation of the total leaf area and specific surface density of leaves in the period of ripening of berries has been conducted. As a result it is established, that the total leaf area of primocane raspberry varieties was on average 1.61 sq. m. The total leaf area of floricane raspberry varieties was higher than that of primocane raspberry varieties, and this indicator was on average 2.77 sq. m. The specific surface density of leaves of floricane raspberry varieties was lower than that of primocane raspberry varieties and was on average 0.69 g/sq.dm, while the primocane raspberry varieties the specific surface density of leaves was on average 0.69 g/sq. dm. Primocane raspberry variety Poklon Kazakhovu and floricane raspberry varieties Gusar, Shosha have been distingished by their relatively high values of the studied parameters.

In the vegetation experiment with plants of three varieties of strawberry Honey, Troitskaya, Red Gauntlet, the effect of various concentrations of Ni in the soil on the plant availability of the main elements of mineral nutrition and on the content of chlorophyll in the leaves was studied. NPK application contributed to an increase in the Ni content in fruits of the Honey variety. In the leaves, this trend was noted for Honey and Red Gauntlet varieties. The content of Ni in fruits and leaves in the Honey, Troitskaya, Red Gauntlet varieties did not differ significantly with the same levels of soil contamination. The increased content of Ni in the soil and the accumulation of heavy metal in plants promoted a decrease in the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of plants of all the studied strawberry varieties. The greatest decrease in the chlorophyll content with an elevated Ni content occurred in the Red Gauntlet variety (by 30%). An increased Ni content led to a decrease in the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves. For calcium and magnesium, this dependence was not noted and their content in the leaves was more dependent on the variety.

The presence of plant bacterial entomocidal preparations synthesized on the basis of Bacillus thuringiensis sabsp. thuringiensis, sabsp. dendrolimus and sabsp. kurstaki, an exogenous metabolite of uracil nature, previously called exogenous metabolite (EM). The negative effects of β-ET and EM on the growth, development and photosynthetic apparatus of the studied seedlings Larix gmelinii (Ruper.)Rupr.) And Pisum sativum L. varieties Torsdag have been proved, and the negative effects of EM were higher than β-ET and the presence in the growing medium amounts (β-ET + EM), reduced the inhibitory effect. The impact of β-ET and EM differed in both the degree and nature of the impact.

The aim of the research was to determine the degree of potential frost resistance in European olive varieties and forms, as well as O. europaea subsp. cuspidate. The other task was to identify the peculiarities of the water regime and photosynthetic apparatus functioning in connection with the negative temperatures effect. As objects of research the Olea europaea L. varieties were chosen: Nikitskaya (originated in Nikita Botanical Garden), Askolyano, Razzo, Correggiolo (of Mediterranean origin) and some forms from the Hybrid breading fund, obtained from the free pollination of Askolyano, Razzo, Correggiolo, Nikitskaya x Askolyano and the subspecies O. europaea subsp. cuspidata. Total water content and water deficit in leaf tissues were determined with the gravimetric method. Potential frost resistance was determined by annual shoot freezing in the climate chamber. The gradient of the temperature changes was 2 °C per hour. The effect of negative temperatures on the photosynthetic apparatus functioning was evaluated according to the photoinduction curve parameters changes. A high degree of frost resistance was found in Nikitskaya variety (crucial temperature –12 °C ... –14 °C). The varieties Razzo and Correggiolo demonstrated an average degree of the resistance to negative temperatures. The variety Askolyano proved to be slightly frost resistant (a crucial temperature –10 °C), and the minimum resistance was noticed in subspecies O. europaea subsp. cuspidata. The high level of water deficiency negatively affected the realization of the potential frost resistance in the European olive. The temperature near the absolute minimum on the Southern Coast of the Crimea (–15 °C) reversibly reduced the fluorescence decay coefficient in the frost-resistant variety Nikitskaya, and irreversibly inactivates the photosynthetic apparatus functioning in the low resistant subspecies O. Europaea subsp. сuspidata and Askolyano variety.

The article presents the results of many years of research conducted in the orchard, whose age is more than 35 years. Peculiarities of growth and fruiting of apple tree on a seed rootstock in connection with the rejuvenating pruning carried out against application of mineral fertilizers were studied. The results of the study show that the removal of branches on 5-6 and 7-8 year old wood in the crown of apple tree significantly increases the growth processes. On average, over three years, the length of one-year growth increased in the control variant, where sanitary pruning was carried out from 17.4 cm, to 31.8-38.2 cm in variants with the removal of perennial wood. The greatest increase was noted in the variant with pruning for 7-8 year old wood, which exceeded the same parameter in the second variant by 20,1%. The introduction of azophoska at a dose of 60 kg/ha and 90 kg/ha in the variant with pruning branches on 7-8-year-old wood contributed to the growth of shoots, the length of which was 41.7 and 42.3 cm, respectively. Application of fertilizers on the background of rejuvenating pruning also contributed to higher yields. In the variant with pruning for 5-6-year-old wood with the introduction of 60-90 kg/ha of D. V. azophoska in 2018, a harvest of 25.6 and 26.1 t/ ha, respectively, was obtained. Pruning of trees on 7-8-year-old wood on the background increased the yield of fruits, which amounted to 26.4 and 26.9 t/ha in these variants.

This paper presents study results of two plum varieties: ‘Kubanskaya Kometa’ (hybrid plum group) and ‘Victoria’ (home plum group), grafted on 8 generative and 8 vegetative rootstocks of European origin in climatic conditions of Institute of Horticulture (Pūre, Latvia), Polli Horticultural Research Centre (Estonia) and Brest Regional Agricultural Experimental Station (Pruzani, Belarus). Experimental orchards were established in 2001. The flowering intensity, tree survival, tree healthiness after winter were evaluated in three geographical regions. Besides biochemical analysis (content of sugars, proline) were performed for annual shoots from two investigation places during wintering period. The aim of the research was to evaluate the winter hardiness of different rootstocks which are bred and grown in Europe and select the most appropriate for climatic conditions of Latvia, Estonia and Belarus. In Latvia conditions, generatively propagated Brompton, St. Julien d´Orleans and Wangenheims Zwetsche were found as the most stable rootstocks for varieties ‘Kubanskaya Kometa’ and ‘Victoria’. In Estonia conditions, clonal rootstock GF 8/1 and seedling rootstock Brompton were selected as the most appropriated for the variety ‘Kubanskaya Kometa’ and the clonal rootstock GF655/2 and seedling rootstocks Brompton and Wangenheims Zwetsche were selected as the most appropriated for the variety ‘Victoria’. In Belarus, the most stable rootstocks for both varieties were clonal GF655/2 and seedling Wangenheims Zwetsche.

The influence of technogenic pollution by heavy metals of soil and plants of forest Park zones of Yelets on the example of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) is studied. As result of the research, the peculiarities of lead and cadmium deposition in plant organs were revealed and the total accumulation of the studied elements in the soil and forest litter under green plantations was estimated.

The conducted researches have allowed estimating the condition of the colorado spruce in the conditions of the urban environment of Yelets city. As result, the estimation, with the definition of the category of viability and it is studied the morphometric analysis of the annual growth of the studied trees, which allows us to determine their further fate. It was established that the highest morphometric parameters of annual shoot of colorado spruce were found in plants growing in protective plantations, and with the increase of anthropogenic load, a decrease in the vital state of trees is observed.

Botanical and morphological characteristics of common hops are given. A threeyear study on vertical zones of the Jungarian Alatau (from 1100 m to 1730 m asl) showed that the common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is widespread up to the altitude of 1500 m asl, especially in the high-altitude zones 1200-1300 m asl, with an average frequency of occurrence of 85.6- 97.3 %, with the degree of affection of trees 35.9-44.3 %. Hop negatively influences growth and development of the wild tree apple, significantly suppressing growth processes and the weight of fruit: the gain of escapes for 40,3 %, the area of a leaf is at 22,0 %, the weight of fruit is at 23,4 %. It has been established that the intensity of photosynthesis is significantly reduced from 25 to 70 % in the affected trees of the Sieversii apple tree, depending on the degree of damage to the apple tree with hops.

Research aim was to study the influence of foliar treatment with 0.2% succinic (SA) and citric acids (CA) on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the grape plant development at the plant rearing stage. A plant-specific response to biologic active substances was observed: the stem length of Marquette variety was higher after pretreatment of SA (29.1 cm), in CA pretreatment significantly inhibited the growth of the stem (8.8 cm) of Bianca variety compared to SA pretreatment (10.5 cm) and control (14.6 cm). SA and CA pretreatments had a significant effect on the accumulation of monosaccharides, sucrose and chlorophylls b. The influence of CA was to inhibit the growth of the stem and to activate the accumulation of phenolic compounds as compared to the control and SA. The effect of biologically active substances was prolonged, persisting for 24 weeks of research.

The aim of the research was to study the changes in the catalase activity in the leaves of a number of European olive varieties with various frost resistance degrees during the cold period on the Southern Coast of the Crimea. The objects of the research were four olive varieties of different origin and one subspecies. Nikitskaya variety was used as model of high frost resistance, while the subspecies O. europaea subsp. cuspidata was model of low frost resistance. Catalase activity was determined by the titrimetric method during the cold periods on the Southern Coast of the Crimea from 2016 to 2019. As result of the researches, it was found that catalase activity depends on both, weather conditions and frost resistance of the studied olive genotypes. Temperature decreased during the cold period 2016-2017 to the values dangerous for subtropical plants (–7,9 °C) caused a rapid increase in enzyme activity (up to 17,9 g О₂ / g · min) in the genotypes with a low frost resistance that indicates their stress state. At the same time, a decrease in catalase activity was observed in Nikitskaya variety (up to 2,9 g О₂ / g • min). The cold periods of 2017-2018 and 2018- 2019 were characterized by high hydrothermal background, favourable to the activation of autumn growth processes in all the studied genotypes. At that time maximum values of catalase activity were observed. In the dynamics, in the low frost-resistant olive varieties, changes in catalase activity were undulating with rapid ups and downs. In the Nikitskaya variety, those changes were more flowing that may be the evidence of the adaptation syndrome development.

The article presents the results of drought resistance studies of 3 Prunus armeniaca Lam varieties bred at the Nikita Botanical Gardens in conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea. Experimental researches allowed to identify specific peculiarities of water regime parameters, proline content, enzyme activity and to identifier the perspective genotype ‘Kazachok’ that demonstrates increased adaptability and ability to carry out physiological and biochemical processes under conditions of water stress.

The purpose of this work was to study the post-harvest physiology of cut roses (R. hybrida). The objects of study were the most popular varieties in floristics: Magady, Vendella, Red Naomi, First Red, Grandgala. Studies were carried out in the autumn-winter periods of 2016- 2018 on leafy flowering shoots in laboratory with natural diffused light at an air temperature of 18-20 °C. Sampling was carried out at the stages of half-release, complete dissolution, the beginning and completion of the aging of flowers. The study in the gas exchange dynamics of cut rose flower shoots using the infrared gas analyzer LI — COR 6400RX showed a decrease in the intensity of photosynthesis and maintaining a high level of transpiration intensity and stomatal conduction of the leaf with the development and aging of the flower. The high intensity of transpiration and the large leafiness of the shoot make it difficult to maintain water status, accelerate aging and the loss of the decorative qualities of the flower. Pulsating treatment with silver thiosulfate (4 mM AgNO3: 32 mM NaS2O3) was used as inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, and 1 μl L–1 1-methylcyclopropene (1- MCP) was inhibitor of ethylene sensitivity. The results of the use of the inhibitor method allow us to conclude that ethylene is involved in the regulation of only the final stages of flower aging in roses. As trigger of the aging process can be the threshold effect of one or several gradual biochemical processes associated with the mobilization of nutrients. Visible signs of aging are preceded by impaired membrane stability. The commercial drug Chrysal does not ensure the natural development of the flower, but only slightly retards wilting. The growing conditions and storage of cut roses should ensure the active functioning of the stomatal apparatus, preventing water stress in the post-harvest period. Its consequence consists not only in the loss of turgidity of the petals, but also in accelerating aging due to the accumulation of ethylene.

The research paper presents the results of two-year studies of the adaptive potential of 10 genotypes of chaenomeles of different species (Chaenomeles×superba, Ch. chinensis, Ch. spesiosa), obtained in the most droughty period of summer, in August 2017-2018. The dynamics of parameters of water cut and water deficiency in leaf tissues was studied, the degree of water retention capacity and the level of reparation ability in conditions of water stress on the Southern coast of Crimea were determined.

The article presents the results of the comparative characteristic of seasonal rhythm and water exchange of species of the genus Rosa L. It was established that in conditions of Central Yakutia the duration of the vegetation period of wild roses is 122-165 days, with the accumulation 1922-2121ºС of effective temperatures. The seasonal dynamics showed a significant dependence on individual biological characteristics of individuals, the degree of the autumn-winter preparedness bushes, speed of increase of the sum of active temperatures, soil moisture and air. High adaptive capacity is noted in the species R. amblyotis C. A. Mey. (Moscow), R. majalis Herrm (Kirovsk), R. glabrifolia C. A. Mey. ex Rupr (Moscow), R. spinossisima (Novosibirsk), R. beggeriana Schrenk, derived from the seeds.

The article presents the results of studies of the biochemical composition of fruits of small fruit crops, the most common in the Central region of Russia on commercial basis (raspberry with summer and primocane type of fruiting, black and red currant). The best varieties and promising forms of raspberry (Karamelka, Poklon Kazakovu, Gusar, Ulybka, 2-12-1), currant (Konstantinovskaj, Bryansky agat, 43-45-1) to create new varieties with improved chemical composition were identified.

The article presents the results of a comparative study of raw materials of two representatives of the genus Chrysanthemum L. Analysis of the mineral composition showed the presence of 9 mineral elements: K, Na, Ca, P, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, J. A total of 14 amino acids were found, 9 of which are irreplaceable. The total content of free amino acids is 8, 27-10, 46 mg /%. The obtained data testify to the prospects of using chrysanthemum raw materials as a source of amino acids, as well as macro- and microelements.

The article presents the results of studying the drought resistance of 14 introduced nectarine varieties. Comparative evaluation of varieties on water retention capacity of leaves, ability of restoration of turgor and green color of sheet plate is given. For use in breeding, the varieties Kzyl Shalili, 40 years of Uzbekistan, NJN-21, May Red, Red Gold, exceeding the drought resistance of the control variety of nectarine Ruby 8, were revealed.

The combination of honey with tea or honey with water is one of the most traditional flavour improvement, nutrition and therapy. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different types of honey on selected physicochemical properties of water and teas. For experimental purposes, we used 50 types of polyfloral honey obtained from different regions of Ukraine. For testing, we used 5 g of honey, which was mixed in 100 ml of water or tea prepared from dried inflorescences Sambucus nigra L. Using the EUTECH equipment, we determined the pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) content in each sample. In the samples water with honey we determined pH in the range from 6.82 (WH-16-01) to 7.70 (WH-16-25), electrical conductivity ranging of 424.0 (WH-16-30) to 545.0 (WH-16-37) μS·m^-1, and content of total dissolved solids range of 252.00 (WH-16-01) to 344.00 (WH-16-47) mg.l^-1. In the samples tea with honey we determined pH ranging of 6.84 (TH-16-01) to 7.56 (TH-16-24; HT-16-25; TH-16-48; TH-16-49 TH-16- 50), electrical conductivity with values from 555.00 (HT-16-02) to 1450.00 (HT-16-01) μS·m^-1, and content of total dissolved solids in the range from 350.00 (TH-16-02) to 913.00 (TH-16-01) mg.l^-1. Correlation analyses between the evaluated physicochemical parameters of water and teas by the addition of various honey have unambiguously demonstrated significant differences between honey samples, which is explained by the fact that the honey has a different plant origin, and hence a different chemical composition.