The article presents the results of the study of winter hardiness of the original parent forms and breeding material of strawberry in the conditions of the Urals (on the example of the Orenburg region). The varieties Anastasiya, Beregin’a, Troickaya, Fejerverk, Urozhajnaya CGL, characterized by high winter hardiness on the results of years of research were revealed for using in breeding work. The output of winter-hardy seedlings were defi ned: the variety Vityaz in combination with varieties of Feyerverk, Torpedo (70,65%), Troitskaya in combination with the variety Darenka (72,0%) and Kokinskaya Zar’a in combination with a mixture of pollen of several highly winter-hardy varieties (68%). A signifi cant number of winter-hardy seedlings were obtained in families with the participation of the variety Urozhaynaya CGL in combination with the varieties Troitskaya, Anastasia (60,57%).

The article presents the results of testing of new introduced varieties of strawberry in the Urals (on the example of the Orenburg region). The comparative evaluation of varieties on productivity and its components is given. The best varieties by the number of peduncles (more than 5 PCs.) on the bush: Pervoklassnica, Anastasiya, Alenushka; fruits (more than 30 PCs.): Aleksandriya, Alenushka; by large-fruition (average weight more than 9,0-10,0 g.): Pervoklassnica, Anastasiya, Aleksandriya; productivity (more than 250-300 g/Bush): Pervoklassnica, Anastasiya, Aleksandriya were revealed. The new varieties have surpassed the zoned ones in terms of productivity, which indicates the prospect of their cultivation in the region.

There were 15 studied samples of common vetch from the VIR collection in fi eld conditions of Moscow region. Following samples with a seed productivity at the level of the standard cv.Vera were revealed: k-37444, Sweden, k-37428, Belgium; varieties from Belarus: k-37450 Udacha, k-627128 Nadezda, k-627125 Ludmila, k-627129 Sudarushka, k-37452 Ivushka, k-37449 Natalie. Samples with higher values of the productive branching, the weight of 1000 grains, the number of productive nodes, the number of pods in node, the number of seeds in bean were singled out.

The results of using East Asian diploid Prunus L. species of Pseudocerasus subgenus in breeding of clone rootstocks for cherry are presented. Created hybrids have been studied as clone rootstocks for cherries. Rooting with softwood cuttings, survival ability of rootstock genotypes in the nursery after planting in the fi rst fi eld and bud survival ability when grafting varieties on the best rootstock genotypes are shown. The forms from the family 74322 (Lyubskaya x C. sachalinensis 1/75), 74332 (Lyubskaya x C. lannesiana No. 2), 74340 (Lyubskaya x C. sachalinensis Edwin Muller), 74324 (Lyubskaya x C. serrulata Hally Tolivetto), 82986 (In memory of Vavilov x C. lannesiana No. 2) were revealed.

The questions of formation of feature collection of varieties and species of pelargonium from the section Pelargonium branch A of the genus Pelargonium L.Her.ex Ait. are discussed.. The sources of breeding valuable features were identifi ed (P. grandifl orum hybridum Hort.): complex stability ‘Rica’ and ‘Pink Breeze’, ornamentality of fl ower - ‘Lord Butte’ and ‘Pink Vogel’; compact bush - ‘Hazel Perfection’ and ‘Mistery’, late fl owering period - ‘Persian’; duration of fl owering - ‘Black Prince’. Pelargonium species of Р. citronellum and P. crispum are the sources of economically valuable trait “fragrance”.

The results of breeding evaluation of the genetic collection (over 40 varieties and 150 selected forms) and the hybrid fund of primocane raspberry (more than 15 thousand seedlings) of the Kokino Base Station of FSBSI ARHIBAN are presented. The best donors and sources of a bush compactness (varieties Evrasia, Pingvin, Autumn Bliss, 1-16-11, 3-238-10, 44-154-2, 3-09-1), thornless of shoots (Joan J, Joan Squire, Motueka, Himbo Top, 13-118-1, 9-155-1, 9-77-10), strength of fruits (Atlant, Brusvyana, Zhar-ptitsa, Evrasia, Pingvin, Karamelka, Samorodok, Kwanza, Heritage) and their long storage after harvesting have been revealed (Atlant, Evrasia, Karamelka, Driscoll`s Maravilla, Heritage, Polka, Kwanza).

The criteria for the peach variety model were determined and the degree of similarity between the 29 best introduced varieties and the variety model based on the Euclidean distance was revealed. It was found that the coeffi cients of pair correlation between the indicators show a different degree of interrelation.

The improvement of blackcurrant assortment is directed to the creation of varieties with high yields, steady fruit - bearing, suitability for mechanized harvesting, high content of biologically active substances in berries and complex resistance to diseases and pests. Such varieties can be obtained only on a genetic basis, with involving donors and sources of a particular feature. The use of wild-growing species in breeding gives the chance to receive fundamentally new genotypes which will enrich the gene pool of cultural plants.

The article presents the results of study of the fi eld resistance of apricot hybrid forms to Monilinia cinerea Bon. and Clasterosporium carpofi lium (Lev.) Aderh. in the Nikita Botanical Gardens (NBG), located on the South Coast of the Crimea. In the study there were 103 genotypes of breeding of NBG. A low susceptibility to klyasterosporiosis (damage to plants by 2 points) was shown by 37 hibride forms. Weak degree of lesion (up to 2 points) to the monilial burn was observed in 16 perspective genotypes of NBG breeding. At the same time, seven genotypes of apricot marked a weak degree of susceptibility to both monilial burn and pustular spot.They are best adapted to the conditions of cultivation and are of interest for further breeding work and production study.

The paper presents the results of a hybridologic analysis and the inheritance of ornamental features in freesia seedlings of 25 hybrid combinations. 52% of the seedlings completely inherited the shape of the fl ower from the paternal plant, while 24% of the seedlings completely inherited the maternal form of the fl ower. Another form of the fl ower in comparison with the initial varieties was obtained in seedlings of two combinations: Purple Rain × Jubileynaya (14,3%) and K-86-4 × O-10-14 (13,1%). On the basis of the obtained data, a conclusion has been made on the formation of economic-valuable and ornamental features in various crosses combinations, on the power of hereditary transfer of characteristics and properties to the offspring by parental forms, as well as on the variability of seedlings and the possibility of obtaining new forms.

As a result of the breeding evaluation of the genetic collection of the black currant of the Kokino Base Station of FSBSI ARHIBAN, sources and donors of individual features of suitability for machine harvesting of the crop were identifi ed. Varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting of fruits are revealed (Glarioza, Kudesnik, Myth, Tamerlan, Charodei, Ben Hopen, etc.).

Results of laboratory researches on viability and speeds of germination of seeds of the Fabaceae family after long storage at various temperature conditions are presented in article. The optimum temperatures of storage (-18 °C) for the majority of the considered types were established. Seeds of Cassia acutifolia needs to be stored at +20 °C, and seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum are not recommended to be stored at high positive temperatures.

The article presents the results of commercial and biological evaluation of hybrid seedlings grown from immature in-vitro embryos of early-ripening peach varieties. According to a specifi ed criteria complex, some seedlings (Nos. 33, 43, 89, 128, 222, 241), obtained by in vitro propagation, have been revealed for grafting onto almond stocks for the further study in the collection garden. In the future, three forms were selected from this fund, of which one new variety Krimskiy Shedevr (form No. 254) was included in 2014 in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, approved for use in the Crimea; in 2017, he received a patent.

The article gives the morphological, biological and economic characteristics of the new blackcurrant variety of Shaman breeding at the Sverdlovsk horticultural breeding station. The variety was revealed for high adaptive properties to abio- and biotic factors, high taste qualities of berries, stable yield, large-fruited. The new variety of black currant Shaman has been zoned in the Volga- Vyatka region since 2018.

Using the methods of recurrent breeding and using wild-growing forms as source material, new varieties of perennial legumes adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the region were created. These are forage varieties of alfalfa (Krasnoyaruzhskaya 1, Krasnoyaruzhskaya 2, Alekseevskaya 1), of white clover (Varvarovsky), of red clover (Kazackij), which possesses a set of economically valuable traits: the high fodder value, the yield of green mass and the stable seed productivity. New varieties exceed standards for the crop of green mass by 15.8-21.0%, of hay by 16.7- 21.8%, of seeds by 12.9-52.4% The white clover variety Krasnoyaruzhsky is recommended to cultivation on the territory of the Russian Federation in different soil and climatic conditions for lawns creation and at reclamation of technogenic-disturbed landscapes. Selections from new varieties with different characteristics are included in further schemes of recurrent breeding in order to obtain new higher yielding forms. Currently, a scheme of primary and industrial seed production of new varieties has been developed in the Belgorod region based on the СJSC «Krasnoyaruzhskaya Grain Company » and СJSC «Novooskolskaya Grain Company» together with scientists from the Belgorod State National Research University.

It has been established that the use of fl uorescent lamps with an increased content of red light in the light flux positively infl uences the rooting of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa D.) in in vitro culture in comparison with the illumination by fl uorescent lamps of other spectral compositions.

In the article the results of studies on adventitious roots formation in microshoots of 2 lilac varieties are presented. The conditions for the induction of rhizogenesis in microshoots in sterile culture were worked out; advantage of indolebutyric acid was showed.

The collection contains more than 40 commercial varieties. It is shown that the optimal medium for in vitro storage and rooting of most varieties is the nutrient medium ¼ MS without the addition of growth regulators. The chrysanthemum microplants can be conserved on this culture media without subculturing up to 6 months under the temperature of +10 оС and light intensity of 20 lux. The period between passages is 2-3 months when plants are maintained under normal conditions (t + 20 оС and light of 3000 lux) using the same culture media. Addition of mannitol to the nutrient medium (100 and 200 mmol), inhibited shoot growth 2 and 5-times, respectively, compared with the control. The relative water content in the leaves was signifi cantly reduced under effect of mannitol in the nutrient medium. The proline content in the leaves was 3.42 and 4.65 mg / g (100 and 200 mmol of mannitol, respectively), which is 6-8 times higher than in the control. The obtained results allowed to improve the methods of cultivation of chrysanthemum in vitro.

Carbohydrates are the necessary component of nutrient medium in course of in vitro propagation. Along with sucrose, sugar and glucose can also serve as a source of carbohydrates in stages of micropropagation itself and rhizogenesis. Increasing the concentration of sucrose up to 40.0 g/l allows to prolong the storage time of pear rootstock PG 12 explants to 46 months and apple rootstock 62-396 storage up to 24 months.

The varieties and forms of plum were estimated for their commercial and tasting qualities and biochemical composition of fruit. Large fruit forms Nochka and Chernoslivnaya have been revealed. These forms show higher stable content of soluble solids, sugars, vitamins C and P.

In buds and fl owers of 4 ornamental peach cultivars, the total content of phenolic compounds (1385-3668 mg/100 g of absolutely dry plant raw materials) was determined. Among them, there were identifi ed neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, dicofeiilchinic acids, rutin and kaempferol. Signifi cant variety differences in the content of the sum and individual phenolic components were revealed. Flowers of the ʹLebedinoe Ozeroʹ and buds of the ʹVesnaʹ are identifi ed as the most promising sources of phenolic compounds.

In order to determine resistance to drought in fi eld conditions the modern portable fl avonid- and hlorofi llometr DUALEX SCIENTIFIC + were used. According to the content of the pigment complex of leaves, varieties Zizyphus jujuba are divided into small - fruited (chlorophyll a+b - 22,83 mg/cm2, fl avonoids-1,94 mg/cm2), medium-fruited (24,66; 1,95), large-fruited (25,54; 1,97). Droughtresistant varieties are characterized by greater stability of the pigment complex (relative humidity - 15-21% and air temperature - + 34-39° C).

The results of studying of the biochemical composition of the subtropical fruits (Ziziphus jujubа Mill. and Feijoa sellowiana Berg) are presented in the article. The varieties and forms with a high content of biologically active substances were revealed. The variety of jujube Tavrica and the form Pl 2-15, the forms of feijoa № 56 и F1 № 79 are distinguished by high content of ascorbic acid and leucoanthocyanins. These hybrids can be used to obtain high quality food, create plantations and in breeding work.

The aim of the research was to identify genotypes with high technological properties among the native Don grape varieties for high-quality winemaking, because not all these varieties are equivalent in quality. The study was performed using conventional viticultural methods in 2010-2015 on the Don ampelographic collection of Ya.I. Potapenko Institute (Novocherkassk). The results of the study of 12 grape varieties and two control varieties are presented: agrobiological characteristics, yield, crop conditions, tasting evaluation and characteristics of wines. The group of white grape varieties with high yields are Mohrovatchik (14.8 t/ha), Kumshatskiy Beliy (13.1 t/ha), Belobulaniy (12.7 t/ha) and Durman (10.4 t/ha). These varieties far exceed the control variety Riesling Reinskiy 140 (3.9 t/ha). Among the red wine varieties Sipun Cherniy (8.5 t/ha) and Varushkin (8.3 t /ha) have the highest yield. But it is lower than the control variety - Cabernet Sauvignon (8.7 t/ha). The sugar content of a berry juice of white varieties was from 23.7 (Champanchik Tsimlyansky) to 20 g/100 cm3 (Riesling Reinskiy). Among the colored varieties, the highest sugar content was observed in varieties Krasnostop Zolotovskiy (24.2 g/100 cm3), Cimladar (21.9 g/100 cm3) and Varushkin (21.7 g/100 cm3). Taking into account a set of positive characteristics (yield, sugar accumulation, high quality wine), the varieties Kumshatskiy Beliy (wine tasting score 8.9 points), Mahrovatchik (tasting evaluation of wine is 8.8 points), Sipun Cherniy (wine tasting score 8.7 points) were selected as promising for highquality winemaking.

The article presents the results of study of species composition of wild relatives of cultivated plants of the Western Kazakhstan (Mangystau, Atyrau, Western-Kazakhstany and Aktobe regions). It is determined that in natural fl ora growing 280 species from 107 genus and 28 families. The highest number of wild relatives was revealed belongs to families Poaceae, Fabaceae, Chenopodiaceae. The ranking of the identifi ed species in separated fl oristic areas was carried out. The biggest species composition was noted for Precaspian and Altobe fl oristic areas, the minimum was noted for Northern and Southern Ust-Urt. The seed bank of short-term and long-term storage of wild relatives of cultivated plants of the Western Kazakhstan was laid; the introduction study at the territory of Mangyshak experimental botanical garden is conducting.

The coeffi cients of pair correlation between 16 basic traits of ornamental peach were determined. The strongest relationship was established between the intensity of fl owering and the overall ornamentality of the tree, the beginning and duration of fl owering, the duration of fl owering and susceptibility to powdery mildew. Weak and average dependencies were marked for 20 pairs of traits.

The paper presents information on the monitoring of the collection of herbaceous perennials in the “Garden of continuous fl owering” of the Department of introduction and acclimatization of plants of Udmurt Federal Research Center from 2006 to 2016. The data on the taxonomic composition and geographical origin of the leading family of varieties Asteraceae Bercht., J.Presl. are presented. The correlation of plant species in life forms and flowering time is considered. The analysis of the replenishment of the collection by the perennials of the Asteraceae family was carried out from 2006 to 2016. 11 most stable species of plants in these conditions of the place of growth were revealed. These types of perennials can be promising in the greening of the Izhevsk city in the conditions of a moderately continental climate.

Results of long-term study of varieties of cherry plum of the gene pool of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in the Crimea steppe are presented. Sources of economically valuable traits are identifi ed. This makes it possible to improve the selection of source material for involvement in various breeding programs. Eight genotypes (Dyuimovochka, Volshebnica, Izyumnaya, Eliasova, Yaltinskaya Krasavica, Zarya Kubani, Alyonushka, Starking Deliches) characterized by low growth were revealed. For super dense plantings, varieties that have a compact narrow pyramidal crown (Desertnaya Rannyaya, Kolonovidnaya, Zemlyanichnaya,Aromatnaya and Burbank Giant) are suitable.11 varieties with increased frost resistance of generative kidneys were identifi ed, 7 are resistant to clasterosporium (Suvenir, Zurna, Evgenia, Cryimskaya Smuglyanka, Medovaya, Cryimskaya Zeltaya Sladkaya, Alyonushka).Varieties characterized by stable and high yield fruit (37), late fl owering (19), good taste and commercial qualities of fruits (21) are identifi ed. The selected sources of valuable features will allow to improve and increase the breeding effi ciency for obtaining new technological competitive varieties of cherry-plum.

The article presents the results of the introductory test on the economically valuable traits of 42 Iris x hybrida Hort. varieties for the period 2013-2017. The distribution of variety samples according to characteristics of vegetative reproduction, susceptibility to bacteriosis, fl owering intensity is specifi ed and analyzed.

The article presents the results of the study of introduced apricot varieties in the collection of the Nikitsky Botanical garden - national scientifi c centre of the RAS. A comprehensive study of 30 varieties of apricot revealed a large range of variation of many features (frost resistance, drought resistance, timing and duration of fl owering, early fruit, yield, etc.), which will allow them to be used in breeding work. According to the set of features, nine introduced apricot varieties were identifi ed as sources of valuable traits for breeding: Harcot, Holovousy, Kioto, Morava, Nugget, Palava, Rana Odolna, Sundrop, Bucuria.

The article is dedicated to the results of study of introduction of the Dianthus caucaseus Sm. on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute. The gynodioecy of specie was studied. The stage of fl owering, their duration, morphology and size of the fl owers in hermaphrodite and pistillate forms were studied. It is shown that individuals of D. caucaseus have good seed yield, which is due to high productivity and a large number of fl owers per plant. The rhythm of the development of specie refers its to long-term vegetative evergreen plant summer fl owering.

The purpose of the research is to identify the most large-fruited and high-yield varieties of strawberry for breeding, commercial and amateur gardening. The work was carried out in the department of the “M.A. Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture for Siberia” according to the generally accepted methods. Yield accounting was conducted in 2016-2017 in comparison with the average long-term data. The objects of study were 7 early ripening strawberry varieties (control variety Darenka) and 12 mid- and mid-late-ripening varieties (control variety Pervoclassnitsa). From early ripening varieties on large fruitfulness, the variety Festival Romashka (maximum mass of berries was 36.2 g) was selected, from mid- and mid-late ripening varieties - Anastasia (38.5 g), Zabelinskaya (44.0 g), Pervoclassnitsa (48.4 g), Solnechnaya Polyanka (49.0 g). The average yield of strawberry according to the average long-term data was 2.7-20.9 t/ha, for 2016-2017 - 2.7-31.7 t/ha. Samples for the assortment expansion in commercial and amateur gardening were selected. For use in breeding, the following varieties were selected as sources: large fruitfulness - Pervoclassnitsa; high yield - 188 Zabelinskaya, Pervoclassnitsa, Solnechnaya polayanka; early ripeness - Festival romashka; high quality of berries (leveling by harvesting, density, transportability) - The Bylinnaya, Festival romashka; simultaneous ripening of berries - Spasskaya and Festival romashka.

The article provides a comprehensive evaluation of 29 varieties and forms of nectarine with similar characteristics of the model variety by 15 features using the cluster analysis method. This method made it possible to reveal similarity between all these varieties and model variety based on Euclidean distance. All objects were united into classifi cation tree that is reproduced in dendrogram. According to similarity of characteristics and their values there were close the varieties, united into clusters (groups). Interrelations of economically valuable characteristics were identifi ed having used paired correlation coeffi cients.

The results of research of collection accessions are presented. As result of studying, the varieties Festivalny (clone of the Mirsanjali variety), Serkhosil (late-blossoming form), Akhmadi, Olimi and Leninabad (clone of variety Kadu Khurmai) were accepted and zoned by the State Variety Testing Commission of the Republic of Tajikistan by a set of economically valuable features. The varieties Nishoni and Shifo are in the process of approval. At present 35 accessions pass the station test in order to create as a result of breeding, apricot varieties of late fl owering period, more resistant to disease, mainly of universal direction of use, with a potential yield of not less than 16-18 t/ha.

The results of the long-term studies of the infl uence of some agrotechnical techniques on the cultivation of annual branched apple seedlings are presented. It was found that at apple variety Veteran on rootstock 54-118 the mechanical techniques contributed to a signifi cant increase in the number of lateral branching, while in the interaction with foliar treatments a tendency to increase the individual biometric indicators was observed.

The article presents data on the infl uence of the plant growth regulator “Miwal-Agro” on the acceleration of growth processes and the increase in the visibility of shoots.

The article presents data on the use of growth stimulators on the rooting of hardwood cuttings. Treatment drug “Samorod” increases the rooting of hardwood cuttings of Philadelphus coronarius and on Támarix of 69,8 and 73,1%, and increases the length by 57,1-58,8 percent, compared to the control variant. The use of growth stimulator “Heteroauksin” promotes the formation of roots of hardwood cuttings by 34,4-68,1%, and an increase in length by 43,8-69,5%, relative to the control option. Treatment with growth regulators “Heteroauxin” and “ Samorod “ enhances the processes of root formation of hardwood cuttings of Philadelphia coronarius and Támarix, contributing to an increase in the number and length of roots formed.

Dynamics of development of horticulture of Dagestan is presented in article. The main reasons limiting the development of the nursery in the republic are revealed. It is defi ned that effective development of branch is impossible without progressive technologies, modern equipment, forms of the organization of work and production. The development of horticulture in Dagestan is largely determined by the scientifi c research of the F. G. Kisriev Dagestan Research Institute of Agriculture. In the article the main scientifi c activities of the Institute contributing at the successful development of horticulture are defi ned.

Data on fruiting of scab immune varieties Bolotovskoye and Imrus on intercalary rootstock 3-4-98 are presented. The varieties started to fructify on the 4th year in the orchard. Trees at the age of 10 years gave high yields: Bolotovskoye - 60,5 kg per tree (335,8 center per hectare) and Imrus - 55,6 kg per tree (305,6 center per hectare). The most productive period was in the varieties at the age of 11-15 years. The study of types and character of fruiting showed that Bolotovskoye and Imrus had a twig type of fruit formation. For the whole period of fruit-bearing Bolotovskoye and Imrus on the intercalary stock 3-4-98 were assigned to a group of not sharply periodically fruiting varieties.

The research on the study of the architectonics of the root system of apple trees under the infl uence of different systems of soil maintenance are carried out. Calculation of sections of skeletal and semi-skeletal roots on the vertical wall of the trench was implemented at a distance of 1 and 2 m from the strain of Welsey apple varieties on seed rootstock. The aim of the research was to study the placement of apple roots on the soil profi le on black fallow and continuous turf process. Regardless of the systems of soil maintenance in the rows of the garden, the bulk of the roots is concentrated in the soil layer of 20-60 cm - 61.4-79.6%. On the black follow the yield of roots on the vertical wall of the trench at the distance of 1 m from the bole was to 1.45 times more than at continuous turf process. On the black follow, the roots were a greater extent grow in the aisle compared to turf. In this embodiment, depending on the horizon placement, the roots was more into 3-8 pieces at a distance of 2 m from the trunk compared to the distance from the trunk to 1 m. On continous turf a 230 greater number of roots was observed in bole area regardless of depth. Therefore, on the black follow, the best conditions are created in the aisles of the garden, and on the continuous turf process in the trunk zone, where there is no competition with herbaceous vegetation for the nutrients.

Results of long-term researches on cultivation plums (Prunus domestica L.) in an intensive garden are presented. For 15 years, the productivity of trees of 12 scion/stock combinations was studied at cultivation under the scheme of 5×2,5 m. Dependence of productivity and longevity of trees plums from scion/stock combinations and weather conditions was established. The most longevous and productive combinations were revealed: Pamyat Timiryazeva on OPA-15-2, Utro on OPA-15-2, Yaichnaya sinyaya on ОPА-15-2, Pamyat Timiryazeva on Novinka.

The study of the water regime of A. deliciosa under various drip irrigation regimes in humid subtrops allows to determine the petiole of leaf as indicator organ, in which the concentration of the cell sap is closely related to the moisture content of the root layer. The optimal watering regime was established to be 80% of the least moisture capacity and moisture content was established according the concentration of cell sap. An express method for diagnosing the irrigation period by concentration of the cell sap, which ensures the effi ciency and reliability of the optimization of the water regime of A. deliciosa has been elaborated.

The dynamics of phosphorus supply of brown forest acidic soils in the humid subtropics of Russia under conditions of a long-term field experiments with 16 NPK-fertilizers combinations on tea culture was studied for 27 years. The trend of the changes (degree and speed) is represented graphically, by regression and correlation dependencies, approximating functions. A dose of phosphorus fertilizers of 60 kg/ha, with long-term systematic application in combination with the suffi cient doses of NK-fertilizers, provided a content of mobile phosphate in soil at an average level of 40- 60 mg/100 g (optimal) and a non-deficit phosphorus balance in the agrosystem. The application of 120-180 kg/ha of phosphorus fertilizers led to a 2-3 fold increase in the content of mobile phosphates (in the 0-20 cm soil layer), with an average rate of 30-40 mg/100 g for 10 years or 25-30 mg/100 g per ton of applied P fertilizers. “Overphosphating” of soils was expressed by proportional growth of total phosphorus. In the absence of phosphorus fertilizers, the high yield of tea was provided by the created pre-plant phosphorus reserve (with some depletion), effective in aftereffect.

The infl uence of various doses of mineral and organic fertilizers on the biochemical composition of the apple-tree fruit of the columnar species Triumph, President, Valuta, Ostankino was studied in the long-term agrochemical experiment on sod-podzolic soils. The effect of increased doses of mineral and organic fertilizers on the biochemical composition of fruits of columnar apple tree was on soddy-podzolic soils largely depended on the variety of plants.

Lead (Pb) accumulation and distribution in organs and tissues of raspberry (variety Sputnitza) and blackberry (variety Tornfree) cultivated without fertilizers and against the background of N90P90K90 have been studied. Maximal Pb accumulation was observed in plant roots, while minimal - in fruit of the studied genotypes. Pb concentration in shoot tissues increased proportionally to the shoot age: the highest concentration was in the perennial rhizomes and the lowest one was in annual shoots. The average Pb content in the plants cultivated with fertilizer application was higher than without N90P90K90 MPC exceeding in lead in fruit of the studied crops was not observed.

With the drip irrigation of sandy soils, a wedge-shaped moistening contour is formed. It is characterized by an insignificant distribution of moisture in the horizontal direction and a predominant penetration of it into the depth, beyond the root layer of soil. Such a contour formation is insuffi cient to moisten the volume of the soil in which the main mass of the absorbing tree roots is located. Therefore, in silt-sandy, sandy and stone-sandy soils one pipeline is laid along a row of trees with the installation of 2-5 drippers per tree at a distance of not less than 50 cm from its stem. However, even in this case, the uniformity of moistening is diffi cult to provide. To solve this problem “The method of drip irrigation of an intensive garden” was created by VNIIGiM. The essence of this method is that when it is implemented, an artifi cial increase in the moisture capacity of the coarse-grained soil is 266 achieved by the addition of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer and at the same time a deep water runoff is prevented by means of a screen with adjustable water permeability. As a result of the application of the proposed method of drip irrigation of an intensive garden, conditions are created for ensuring uniform moistening of the root layer in soils with high water permeability and maintaining a favorable water and air regime in it, while at the same time eliminating deep moisture fi ltration.

The production of a healthy, purebred planting material is the basis of durability, high productivity of garden plantations and ecological safety of the crop. Along with viral, virus-like and fungal pathogens in the nursery of small fruit crops, phytophages (insects, mites, nematodes) are of great danger, spreading with planting material, capable causing signifi cant damage, including those carrying the causative agents of viral and phytoplasmic diseases. The list of such pests should be included in the regulatory and technical documents regulating the production of planting material, to carry out appropriate control and protective measures.

The article presents long-term data on the degree of leave and fruit damage by apple scab. There is noted the infl uence of weather conditions on the degree of scab development. It is necessary to select proper preparations and their tank mixtures, during the vegetation period, in order to obtain high effi ciency of protection systems. The results of the research showed that in the years of mass scab development the most effi ciency had the system 1 of protection, which used tank mixtures of preparations in critical periods of scab development (biological effectiveness on leaves and fruits reached up to 98%). In the years of weak decease development, the effectiveness of protection systems 1 and 2 was high (biological effi ciency on leaves and fruits reached up to 98-99%). There were determined the effective preparations and tank mixtures to use for fi ghting against apple scab.

As a result of the spent researches it is established, that Zircon makes positive impact on formation of generative kidneys in years of plentiful fl owering, but not on all varieties, due to their biological features. Apple-tree fruits, from the processed trees, had best physiology and biochemical indicators at long storage, than in the control.

The results of a study of the duration of storage of nine new scab immune apple varieties with vigorous growth habit and scab immune of columnar apple varieties breeding in the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding are presented. The variety of folk breeding Antonovka Obyknovennaya served as a control. As a result of the study of some of the main and related indicators of storage technologies, we have determined the longest duration of fruit storage at the varieties Yubiley Moskvy and Zvezda Efi ra. The genotypical fruit resistance of studied varieties to physiological diseases has been revealed at the temperature +2 °C. At the end of the storage a high output of marketable fruit has been found compared to the control.