The efficacy of the use of Siliplant and Ecofus preparations for single and double strait of substrate at the stage adaptation of micro plants of apple clonal rootstock 54-118, taking into account the aftereffect during wintering and growing in the conditions of the winter greenhouses was studied. It was revealed that the best survival rates, overwintering and development in the first place were plants, pre-rooted on nutrient medium at the stage for rhizogenesis with double straits of substrate of the studied preparations.

The ways of culturing in vitro and microclonal cultivation by the method of individual selections of alfalfa, volatile for accelerated reproduction and further breeding work, have been studied. It has been established that specimens of alfalfa taken from any alfalfa shoots zone can be culturing in vitro. The study of the development of explants showed that the samples taken from the upper part of plants (40-60 cm) develop worse and in most cases turn out to be flower buds. Effective for culturing of alfalfa volatile for subsequent rooting, is the selection of the buds from the bottom of the shoot (up to 20 cm high).

Varieties of strawberry of foreign breeding Darselekt, Kimberly, Asia, Florence permanently cultivated in vitro for 5 years or 56-60 passages. During the observation period, no deviations of phenotypic features and morpho-genetic characteristics were revealed. Plants of all varieties, after adapting to non-sterile conditions in the greenhouse, were prone to increased vegetative productivity. According to the same parameter, no differences in plants were revealed after 14 and 54 passages of cultivation. Restoration of the generative function in both cases occurred after the passage of the rest period.

The influence of different chelating compounds (Fe(III)-EDTA and Fe(III)-EDDHA) in culture medium composition on the morphogenetic potential realization and rooting ability of genus Syringa L. representatives was studied. The better rooting ability was noted on the culture medium having in its composition Fe(III)-EDDHA (92 %) in comparison with culture medium with Fe(III)-EDTA (70 %).

The results of studying of effectiveness of clonal micropropagation of cherry clonal stocks depending on the genotype and a compositionof cultivation medium are presented in article. The most balanced medium composition in terms of organic and mineral composition and content of plant growth and development regulators has been established. Reproductive potential of cherry clonal stocks received as a result of the remote hybridization of cherry sour varieties (Prunus cerasus L., 2n=4x=32) with Maaka cherry (Prunus of maackii Rupr., 2n=4x=32) is revealed.

The aim of the research was to develop a technique for inducing apple tetraploids as donors of diploid gametes in vitro. The process of obtaining tetraploids apple passes two stages:1) proliferation with the aim of obtaining material for colchicine treatment;2) treatment of buds or shoot tips with colchicine and micropropagation of received microshoots. Two methods of amitotic exposure were used: addition to the nutrient medium and drip. Studies have shown that colchicine does not have a negative impact on the development of explants.

The objective of this work was to determine the effectiveness of auxin growth regulators for processing of green cuttings of highbush blueberry before planting them for rooting. Experiments were conducted in 2016-2017, in the Research and Production Nursery peasant-farmers hold “Cherry garden”, village Besovo, Kaluga region. The experiments were performed on highbush blueberry Bluecrop and Northland varieties. Before the rooting of green cuttings treatments with synthetic auxin growth regulators in the form of water, alcohol solutions and growth powder were performed. Alcohol solution of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (5 g/l) or growth powder Ukorzeniacz (0.2 %) were shown to be the most effective stimulators of rooting in green cuttings “with heel”. Not treated with any growth regulators plants were used as a control. Rooting rates of green cuttings of Bluecrop blueberry variety were 73-78 % in comparison to 49 % of the control, whereas Northland blueberry variety showed 74- 77 % rooting rates in comparison to 60 % in the control.

This work is based on the method of field experience, accompanied by laboratory analyses and mathematical data processing. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of a new generation of growth regulator Micefit on vine plantations of varieties of technical direction Bianca in conditions of southern Transnistria. Research was conducted in the Doyban zone of production of CJSC vine and brandy factory «KVINT», Tiraspol. Micefit was experienced in three concentrations — 1, 10 and 100 mg/l. The treatments were carried out before flowering and during the post-fertilization period of the grapes. Research results have shown that the most effective chemical treatment of varieties Bianca by Micefit was at a concentration of 10 mg/l, where the credible berries harvest amounted to 2.3 tons per hectare, compared with the control. An increase in the yield of grapes was due to a decrease in the crumbling of ovaries and increase in the average weight of bunches and the weight of the berry in the bunch. The application of Micefit at a concentration of 10 mg/l in both processing has a positive impact on the dynamics of sugar content in the juice of berries of Bianca variety.

Water regime dynamics of hybrids obtained by crossing cherry sour (P. vulgaris L.) with the distant diploidic species of Prunoideae subfamily in winter months (2007-2019) was studied. Peculiarities of the water content of one-year escapes, their water-retaining ability, content of the bound and free water were revealed. It was established the dependence of plant winter hardiness on genotypic features of the studied water status parameters of plants at various temperature regimes of the rest period.

Parameters of chlorophyll photoactivity were studied using the fluorimeter “Florоtest” to identify сhаenomeles genotypes with high drought tolerance. The studied genotypes were characterized by a rapid loss of water during withering (28.4-63.9 % within 4 hours) and a significant restoration of leaves turgor (58.3-93.8 %) under favorable conditions. The development of water stress was accompanied by varying degrees of decrease in the photoactivity of genotypes leaves. On average, the Stats-dama variety and the breeding form of PX 3/12 were characterized by the highest drought tolerance. As a reaction to stress, they had an increase in F_m and F_v /F_o values at the beginning of wilting by 20 and 33 %, the highest F_m values. Under the conditions of a lower initial water deficit, the Stats-dama variety maintained the highest stability of the F_v /F_o index, the highest values of photoactivity (0.7 rel. units) and a viability index (3.39 rel. units) when the leaves wilt.

The results of studies of the chemical composition of gooseberry varieties breeding of Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding are presented. It has been stated that according to the content of dry solubles (DS), sugars and organic acids as well as maximal sugar-acid index (SAI), the best are the varieties ‘Discovery’ (DS — 14.9 %, sugars — 11.20 %, organic acids — 1.97 %, SAI — 5.9), ‘Zemlianichny’ (17.7 %; 11.32 %; 1.76 %; 5.9) and ‘Moryachok (13.6 %; 10.29 %; 1.87 %; 5.8, respectively). The best varieties have been identified by the accumulation of biologically active substances in berries: ‘Zemlianichny’ and ‘Nekrasovsky’ by ascorbic acid and ‘Nekrasovsky’ by P-active substances. The greatest stability in the content of sugars is observed in the varieties ‘Discovery’ and ‘Moryachok’; in the content ascorbic acid — in the variety ‘Nekrasovsky’.

The main biochemical components of tea, determining its quality (extractive substances, tannin, caffeine), and macronutrients in a 3-leaf flush of Kolkhida variety grown in the humid-subtropical zone of Russia has been studied. In rather contrasting soil and meteorological conditions, there was an insignificant variability in the content of extractive substances in tea (3 %); medium variability — for tannin (11 %) and caffeine (21 %). Young shoots (flushes) were characterized by a fairly stable concentrations of potassium and magnesium, and medium variability of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium. The tannin content correlated with the nitrogen concentration (r = –0.47); extractive substances was correlated with nitrogen (r = –0.48) and phosphorus (r = –0.40) content. Caffeine was in direct correlation with the content of nitrogen (r = 0.39), phosphorus (r = 0.51), potassium (r = 0.52) and in the reverse correlation with the content of magnesium (r = –0.40).

The article is dedicated to the search for new promising tropical and subtropical species of the family Crassulaceae DC, Bromeliaceae Juss., Agavaceae Endl., Cactaceae Juss., Aizoaceae Rudolphi, Asparagaceae Juss., Geraniaceae Juss. Long-term introduction studies have identified promising species for culture in conditions of dry subtropics, developed ecological bases of their culture and foci for their mass mobilization.

The purpose of the research was to substantiate the assortment of Aсtinidia deliciosa cultures for cultivation in Russian humid subtropics according to the criteria for the adaptability of varieties using parameters of productivity, ecological stability and economic efficiency. Productivity parameters (potential, absolutely stable, long-term average) were established using multiple regressions model of the influence of weather factors on harvest variety in system “weatherharvest”. Ecological stability was determined for 14 years by the coefficient of crop variability, ecological plasticity, periodicity and fruiting stability. Cost-performance of varieties was evaluated by profitability of each variety on the base of the long-term productivity and quality of fruit by mass. In humid subtropics conditions the cultivation of late varieties (Hаyward K-10, Hаyward K-12, Hаyward K-17 and Kivaldi) is most appropriate.

The problems of introduction as a preservation method of rare species in culture are discussed. The collection of ornamental perennials of the Botanical garden of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences maintains 18 species of endemic and relict plants. The article summarizes their phenological peculiarities in the conditions of the Middle Ural, information about the origin of the collection’s samples, conservation status, preservation methods, as well as their role in the ornamental floriculture of the region.

The results of studying the biological peculiari of different varieties of the flowering shrub Hibiscus syriacus L. are discussed in the article. An analysis of the phenological development stages of varieties has been carried out. Varieties are distributed according to the time of budding for early vegetation beginnings (from the II-III decades of March) ‘William R. Smith’, ‘Hamabo’, ‘Blue Bird’, ‘Rubis’, ‘Dorothy Crane’, ‘Pink Giant’, ‘Woodbridge’; medium-growing vegetation (from the III decade of March — I decade of April) ‘Matilda’, ‘Roseus Plenus’, ‘Carneus Plenus’ and lategrowing vegetation (from the II — III decade of March) ‘Roseus Plenus’, ‘Lady Stanley’, ‘Speciosus’, ‘Coeruleus Plenus’, ‘Duc de Brabant’, ‘Jeanne d’Arc’. Varieties are ranked by flowering dates for early flowering (from the III decade of June) ‘William R. Smith’, ‘Matilda’, ‘Hamabo’, ‘Blue Bird’, ‘Rubis’, ‘Dorothy Crane’, ‘Pink Giant’ and ‘Woodbridge’; medium-beginning flowering (from the I-II decades of July) ‘Matilda’, ‘Coeruleus Plenus’, ‘Speciosus’, ‘Carneus Plenus’, ‘Lady Stanley’, ‘Roseus Plenus’; late beginners of flowering (from the III decade of July — the I decade of August) ‘Duc de Brabant’, ‘Lady Stanley’.

In this article we analyze the composition of valuable from the point of view of the author of introduced varieties of iris, which are part of the modern collection of the ornamental plants laboratory of GBS RAS, and varietal specimens at various stages of introduction study. In this article we analyze the composition of valuable introduced varieties of iris (from the point of view of the author), which are part of the modern collection of the laboratory of ornamental plants of Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences and accessions at different stages of introduction study. Evaluation of their value is carried out on the basis of three criteria: the spread of varieties in culture; originality/distinctiveness of variety; the presence of rare features, properties, characteristics.

The article is devoted to the study of seed propagation of introduced 5 species and 16 varieties of the genus Iris L. in the dry subtropical conditions of Absheron. Studies have shown that in the dry subtropical conditions of Absheron, the optimal depth of sowing of seeds of species and varieties of the iris genus is 2-3 cm, and favorable conditions for planting are II and III decades of October.

The article presents long-term data on winter hardiness, productivity and crop yield of apple varieties under the conditions of the Southern Urals. The objects of research were the genetic collection of apple trees of summer maturation of domestic breeding: Brusnichnoe, Vasyugan, Mechtatelniza, Rannee Uktusa, Solntsedar, Chudnoye, Leto Krasnoe, Letnee Polosatoe, Papyroyantarnoye, the variety Serebryanoe Kopytse served as control variety. From the genetic collection apple varieties were revealed by winter hardiness (Letnee Polosatoe, Chudnoe (0.5 points)) and crop yield (Chudnoye (22.9 t/ha)).

The purpose of the study is to identify genotypes with high uvologicalparameters among the 18 studied Don native grape varieties for high-quality wine. The study of varieties was carried out in 2015-2018 on the Ya.I. Potapenko Don ampelographic collection (Novocherkassk), according to generally accepted methods in viticulture and State Standards. Grape varieties included in the State Register — Sibirkovsky, Pukhlyakovskybeliy, Krasnostopzolotovsky, Varyushkin, Tsimlyanskycherniy confirmed their high quality wine products, receiving tasting ratings at the level of 8.6-8.8 points. Little-spread aboriginal Don varieties that received tasting assessments of wine (at the level of varieties included in the State Register) — Belobulany (8.7 points), Mahrovatchik, Bessergenevsky № 7, Bessergenevsky № 10, Stariygoryun, Sypuncherniy, Tsimladar, Tsimlyanskybeliy (8.6 points) deserve attention and further study. The Kumshatskybeliy variety is distinguished, having received an assessment of 8.8 points, at the level of the control variety Sibirkovy. All of the above grape varieties are recommended for quality winemaking.

The article presents data on the study of some morphometric peculiarities of introduced in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences representatives of the genus Paeonia L., classified as rare (P. anomala L., P. daurica subsp. mlokosewitschii (Lomakin) D. Y. Hong, P. hybrida Pall., P. tenuifolia L.). Of the twelve quantitative features the number of vegetative shoots, the diameter of the corolla, the width of the leaflet, the number of generative shoots and the length of the seed have a low degree of variability. The greatest number of labile characters was observed in P. anomala, P. hybrida and P. daurica subsp. mlokosewitschii, the smallest was observed in P. tenuifolia.

The article presents the results of studies of the effects of different doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the grain yield of spring triticale in different moisture and temperature conditions. Studies have shown that the use of nitrogen fertilizers on sod-podzolic soil with a high supply of potassium and phosphorus provides an increase in grain yield on the variety Timiryazevskaya 42 from 0.56 to 2.04 t/ha, on the variety Carmen from 0.74 to 1.73 t/ha, on the variety Ukro from 0.54 to 1.36 t/ha. The optimal doses of nitrogen fertilizers were selected, which provided in different meteorological conditions in 2016-2018 an increase in the yield of the Timiryazevskaya 42 variety from 1.4 to 2.4 t/ha (variant N₁₂₀), Carmen varieties from 1.3 to 2.0 t/ha (variant N₁₅₀), Ukro varieties from 0.8 to 2.0 t/ha (variant N₁₂₀) or from 1.1 to 1.7 t/ha (variant with fractional introduction: N₉₀ - in pre - sowing cultivation and N₃₀-fertilizing in the earing phase).

The research results have shown that the storage of the fruits of pear varieties Chizhovskaya (summer ripening) and Veles (autumn ripening) in the ozone environment allows throughout to the entire period to reliably control their quality, increase the yield of healthy fruits by 2 times and increase the shelf life by 1.5 months.

The article presents the results of studying the influence of foliar feeding on apple and pear varieties using microelements (boroplus), fertilizers with a set of macroelements (NPK), multicomponent fertilizers (plantafol, speedfol and megavolt), which increase the yield and marketability of fruits. During the research period, the increase of yield in apple varieties was 3.1-12.3 t/ha (1.7-54.2 %) and in pear varieties was 0.7-7.3 t/ha (4.3-51.6 %). A significant increase in the yield of fruits of the highest and first commercial varieties was noted in the variant with the use of Plantafol in apple varieties, in pear varieties with use of Nitroammophos, Speedfol and Megafol.

The scientific and applied importance of engineering ecology forcommercial horticulture in agricultural organizations (enterprises) is analyzed. Attention is drawn to the availability for this branch of agriculture of modern scientific engineering developments related to the discussed status of ecology, which include the development, design, commissioning, operation and improvement of technologiesfor the creation of natural and technical systems of enterprises in the agricultural sector of the agro-industrial complex. The tasks and new knowledge are listed that can serve as the basis for consideration by objects of study of local agrarian natural and technical systems (LANTS) with ways to manage them, ensured by environmental safety and environmental protection, and the subjects of study are environmental factors, agrocenoses, and technogeogenesis that affect the variability of these production facilities. The purpose of the article is to clarify the structure of the engineering ecology methodology when creating a commercial horticultural landscape (CHL) as part of agricultural landscapes of enterprises, applying the ecosystem approach with the principles and means of rational use of resources to increase the productivity of commercial plantations and obtain environmentally friendly products. During the work, methods of physical geography, general ecology, agricultural ecology, landscape ecology, etc. were used. The structure of the engineering ecology of the CHL was updated in relation to solving the problems of designing intensive type gardens and using resource-saving agricultural technologies in them. Information on the structure of the engineering ecology methodology of the CHL is multilevel, revealing details about other sciences involved in this scientific field, as well as about engineering services to justify the creation and protection of this production facility, and to ensure management. Ecological engineering knowledge is necessary for the development and design of a production facility - a CHL as part of an agricultural landscape of an enterprise using the principles of integrated and computer engineering. The above suggestions should apply to ensure a disciplined, methodical and environmentally sound application of agricultural technologies, horticultural methods, physical geography, biogeocenology, agrolandscape science, computer science, knowledge engineering, testing theory, monitoring and auditing based on the “cycle PDCA” system.

The article presents a brief summary of the process integration of information technology in the known methods of mass incubation of agents of biological control of agricultural crop pests. Mass incubation of habrobracon entomophage has been taken as an example to show the specificity of this integration. At the same time, a decrease in the cost of the biological agent is achieved by increasing the volume of production, due to the modernization of technological equipment and reducing production costs. Technological solutions to improve the basic indicators of product quality are also considered.

We studied the spread of phytoplasmic diseases in fruit and small fruit crops in the Central and Volga economic regions of Russia in 2012-2018. An evaluation based on the symptoms of the disease showed that the distribution of apple phytoplasma diseases in commercial gardens ranged from 49 % to 82 %. Small-leaflets, curled leaves, chlorosis or anthocyanin leaf coloring, shortening of internodes, increase in size of stipules, proliferation of shoots, the decrease in the size of the fruits, the deformation of the generative organs, dieback of individual branches and the whole plant were the most typical symptoms of damage. Redness of the petals, enhanced the development of the sepal were observed on black currants (Ribes nigrum). Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) formed an ugly bud, or its flowers turned into phyllodia. The asymmetrical shape of the petals could be seen during the second autumn flowering of apple (Malus domestica) and cherry (Prunus subgen. Cerasus). The taxonomic affiliation of phytoplasmas was previously determined using PCR and RFLP analysis. Phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrI group were identified in cherry and plum (Prunus domestica); phytoplasma group 16SrIII was found in raspberry, black currant and strawberry. In the other case the raspberry was infected with phytoplasma of 16SrVI group. Phytoplasma belonging to 16SrX group was found in pear-tree (Pyrus communis); 16SrXII phytoplasma was found in cherry, pear and apple trees, as well as in the vine (Vitis vinifera). The presence of phytoplasma diseases of fruit and small fruit crops, visually observed in the Central and Volga economic regions, is confirmed using molecular genetic methods. Phytoplasmas belonging to five taxonomic groups were found in nine species of fruit crops (2 species of fruit, 3 species of stone fruit and 4 species of small fruit). Taking into account the high damage caused by phytoplasma diseases to horticulture, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive monitoring of diseases in nurseries and on commercial plantations.

A molecular analysis of 48 domestic and foreign varieties and 6 apple hybrids was tested to identify the quantitative traits loci (QTL) for resistance of fruit crops to the fire blight caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. For identification of QTL, SCAR markers AE10-375 and GE8019 were used. Polymorphism was noted for these loci among both varieties and hybrids. A number of interesting for breeding genotypes was identified.

In the article there are given study results to evaluate the efficiency of the disorientation method which is based on the use of Shin-Etsu dispensers in comparison with insecticides to control codling moth. It was determined, that the biological effectiveness of dispensers controlling codling moth achieved 83-92 % applied on Imrus variety and 80-89 % applied on Svezhest variety. Insecticides application against the codling moth provided the effectiveness of 83-96 % on the Imrus variety and 83-97 % on the Svezhest variety.

Biological products of «Biotechagro» LLC have been tested: BSka-3, G — microbiological fertilizer and BFTIM KS-2, G — ectophytic biofungicide on sunflower seeds against grey rot pathogen — fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex. Fr. BFTIM KS-2, G showed biological efficiency of 61 % with the seeds treatment. BSka-3, G stimulated more than 2 times the growth of the main root and inhibited the development of the pathogen.

The article presents the results of experimental research of the biological efficacy of biological strains of fungi on the basis of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma lignorum against dominant disease of the plum-сlasterosporium to reduce the pesticide load and the quality of the harvest. Biological efficacy after four times of the use of microbiological preparations based on Bacillus subtilis was 82.7-90.4 %, in the application options Trichoderma lignorum was at the level of 83.4-92.5 %.

The results of studying the parental breeding material and their hybrid offspring under the conditions of the Urals (on the example of the Orenburg region) are presented. The purpose of the study is to identify promising crossbreeding combinations by a complex of economically valuable traits. Hybridological analysis of seedlings revealed a wide variety of their quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Promising combinations of crossing by the output of selected seedlings with a combination of winter hardiness, productivity, and quality of berries were revealed: Anastasia × Urozhajnaya CGL, Fireworks × Vityaz, Vityaz × Torpeda, Troitskaya × Darenka, Kokinskaya Zarya × pollen mixture and population from free pollination of the Bereginya variety.

The paper presents the results of integrated assessment of the strawberry varieties from the genetic collection of I. V. Michurin Federal Research Center for chemical composition and antioxidant value of fruits. For each biochemical parameter under study, the best varieties were identified: sources of high sugar content (Urozhaynaya TsGL, Privlecatelnaya, Vima Kimberly, Yarkaya, Kokinskaya zarya); sources of high ascorbic acid content (Kokinskaya Zarya, Dukat, Kupchikha, Pamyati Zubova, Festivalnaya romashka, Elsanta); sources of high anthocyanins content (Feyerverk, Lakomaya, Privlecatelnaya, Flora). The varieties Privlecatelnaya, Feyerverk, Pamyati Zubova were revealed by high total antioxidant activity of fruits. The varieties Urozhaynaya TsGL, Privlecatelnaya, Lakomaya, Pamyati Zubova, Feyerverk, Flora are of great interest for fresh consumption and processing as well as further breeding work for improvement of chemical composition of fruits.

The paper presents the results of a 25-year study of natural populations and local varieties of apricot, apple, pear, plum, peach and grapes in Dagestan. A large diversity of local varieties (397 varieties and forms) wasrevealed, which is explained by the intensity of microevolutionary processes and the duration of the culture. Some results of apple breeding (87 hybrid forms), and apricot (22) with the involvement of the global gene pool are presented. A technology has been developed for growing seedlings by budding the etiolated cuttings of clonal rootstocks.

The work evaluated the resistance to moniliosis and clasterosporium of apricot varieties and forms of different geographical origin. The possibility of creating resistant varieties, both from local forms and on the basis of known donors of resistance, is shown. The peculiarities of the spread of diseases in the local apricot population are given.

The aim of the research is to study ornamental features of freesia, from to the collection of the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops which includes 45 varieties, one blue race, 94 hybrid forms and 27 hybrid combinations used for breeding work according to the variety model. 74.1 % of accessions had a non-double form of flower, 19.4 % had a double form, 6.5 % had a semi-double form. In colour diversity: 41.9 % of the forms had red-colored perianth lobes and various shades, 22.6 % had a blue colour and different variations of this color, 19.3 % had a white colour; cream colour was observed in 9.7 % of the accessions, and 6.5 % had a yellow-colored perianth lobe. Ornamental features were studied in the following accessions: ‘Athene’, ‘Blue Ocean’, ‘Blue Navy’, ‘Fantasy’, ‘Gabriel’, ‘Purple Rain’, ‘Streipt Perl’, ‘Surprise’, ‘Vega’, ‘Vesna’, ‘Georgy Pobedonosets’, ‘Goluboy Zhemchug’, ‘Iney’, ‘Irina’, ‘Kavkaz’, ‘Caramel’, ‘Angel’, ‘Melange’, ‘Mechta’, ‘Romantika’, ‘Sonet’, ‘Chayka’, ‘Elizabeth’, ‘Jubileynaya’, I-60-9, I-108-1, K-76-3/1, K-86-4, M-R-6, N-10-14, R-34-4, U-64-2, which are recommended for inclusion in the breeding process in order to obtain new hybrid forms. Selected vareties and forms with a diverse range of colors, from delicate pastel colors to bright and rich, with varied shape and height of the peduncle, are suitable for use in various floral compositions and bouquets, while lowgrowing plant forms can be used as pot plants.

The tasks of this work were to identify the promising honeysuckle varieties on the most important economic and the useful features, including the biochemical productivity. The results of biochemical productivity, yield and weight of honeysuckle berries of different varieties of N. I. Vavilov’s All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources breeding are presented. The varietal changes in biochemical parameters such as ascorbic acid, P-active compounds, were revealed. The best varieties Viola, Masha and Omega for further breeding work are selected.

The paper describes the results of the genomic DNA isolation from the Rabat variety lavandin leaves using ready-made commercial kits. The data on DNA concentration and its quality determined spectrophotometrically and by using agarose gel electrophoresis аnd automated electrophoresis system Agilent 4200 TapeStation are presented. Conclusions of suitable NucleoSpin® Рlant II Midi kit for DNA isolation from lavandin leaves are made.

The analysis of the modern raspberry assortment, included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, has been done. The results of breeding programs on raspberries of scientific institutions of for the last 30 years are presented. Its main drawbacks have been revealed: the presence of old unproductive varieties that do not meet modern requirements, the deficiency of commercial varieties and absence of ultra-early and late varieties. The current directions of breeding and the difficulties in their implementation have been outlined.

As a result of many years of research, a strategy has been developed to select of resistant to one of the most harmful diseases of sweet cherry, cherry and rootstocks for them - cherry leaf spot (CLS) (the causative agent is Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) v. Arx). On the basis of a comprehensive study of the “pathogen — host — environment system”, the necessity of mandatory inclusion of the following parameters in field evaluation of plant damage has been proved: the degree of leaf damage, the number of spores from 1 cm2 of leaf, the number of pustules per 1 cm2 of leaf, the index of resistance of varieties, the generative activity of the fungus. The forms of sour and sweet cherries resistant to cherry leaf spot were revealed: Yuzhanka, 3-33-34, 3-27, 6/4К, БИ 43 II, 6/8 К, БИ 43 I which, against the background of epiphytotic development of the disease have a high yield.

Results of researches on the degree of defeat by the American powdery mildew of 80 varieties of black currant in 2016-2018 are presented. Both resistant varieties to the pathogen and the most susceptible ones have been identified. Hybridological analysis of a number of hybrid families, offspring from free pollination and self pollination is carried out. The most effective combinations of crossesing are revealed: Triton × Dar Smol’yaninovoy, Dar Smol’yaninovoy × Kipiana, Kipiana × Izyumnaya, Izyumnaya × Kipiana. In further breeding work, we recommend to use the varieties Kipiana, Izyumnaya, Mif and Triton as donors of resistance to the American powdery mildew.

It was revealed that the fruits of the hybrid forms of peach were better tied and preserved on the main shoots of the first wave of growth. To a lesser extent, the formation of the ovary occurred on thin, weak secondary growths and on old bouquet branches. Three periods of fruit growth of hybrid forms were marked, which are characteristic of other peach varieties. Of the 42 studied forms, 48 % (19 hybrids) were noted with an early maturity, 38 % (15) with an average maturity and 14 % (5) with a late maturity. Two forms with very early ripening and one form with late fruit ripening were marked, which are promising for use in breeding.

Based on long experience with fertilizers on tea culture in the conditions of the Sochi Black Sea coast, the buffer properties of brown forest acid soils, acidified in various degrees as a result of the use of single (111), double (222) and triple (333) doses of NPK were studied. The total load of nitrogen fertilizers (the main factor of acidification) for 26 years of use was 3.8-7.6-11.4 tons N/ha. Comparison was made with the soil without fertilizers (000) and forest soil. The identical capacity of soil buffering relative to the hydroxyl load was revealed: shift by 1 and 2 pH units with the introduction of 2.5 and 10.0 mEq NaOH per 100 g of soil. Soil resistance to acid loads was increasing in the series: forest — 000 — 111 — 222 — 333. The highest buffer capacity under increasing proton load was found in soils with a high degree of acidification as a result of the use of double and triple doses of NPK. For them, a shift of 2 pH units was achieved by adding into the suspension about 12.5 mEq HCl per 100 g of soil, while for others it was about 7.5 mEq HCl per 100 g of soil. The resistance of some soils (222 and 333) to acid loads was higher than to alkaline loads, while the resistance of others (forest, 000, 111) on the contrary.

The results of primary research to study the effects of promising agents on the activation of the growth processes of pear trees are presented. The aim of the research was to study the effect of plant growth regulator Stimoros, VC (100 g/l 6-benzyladenine), mineral fertilizer Idrofloral Plus brand 14-11-22+8СаО and fertilizer with trace elements based on humic acids “Ural summer resident” on biometrics indicators of pear tree growth in the Orenburg region. It was revealed that the maximum indicator of the number of annual shoots (54.4 pcs.) and the total growth of shoots (36.25 m) was observed when using the mineral fertilizer Idrofloral Plus brand 14-11-22+8 Cao.

As a result of three years of research on strawberries organic-mineral fertilizer «Eurekor-Forte+7» its positive effect on the productivity of plants and the quality of berries has been established. In the treated plants, the number of peduncles and developed fruits were higher than in the control, and the average weight of the fruit, depending on the variety, increased from 8 to 17 % compared with the control. The productivity of all studied varieties after processing exceeded the control by 14 %, and the Yuniya Smayds varieties by 27.3 %. There was no significant effect on the biochemical composition of strawberries when applying fertilizer

The article is devoted to the introduction of molecular genetic methods into the soybean breeding process. Soybean is one of the most important crops in the Far East and to accelerate its breeding it is necessary to apply modern approaches. The paper presents the data obtained in the process of selection of parent pairs for hybridization using the method of marking intermicrosatellite sequences (ISSR), in order to cross genetically remote accessions to obtain the effect of heterosis in the resulting hybrids. Also, the method of marking microsatellite loci (SSR) is being implemented, due to the codominant type of inheritance of markers of this type, they allow to uniquely identify samples of hybrid origin. The implemented molecular genetic methods (method one, using different ISSR and SSR markers) are designed to accelerate the breeding process by eliminating the soybean hybrid material of doubtful origin from the work of the breeder, thereby reducing the burden and research volume.

Results of elaboration and approbation in the Mangyshlak Botanical Garden two computing programs «BD-PLANT-KZ» and «DInCeR» intended for storage and accounting of the botanical information are given. The computer program «BD-PLANT-KZ» includes the information for 1 047 taxa from 5 departments, 8 classes, 11 sub-classes, 28 super-orders, 66 orders, 13 suborders, 87 families and 310 genera. Program «DInCeR» contains information for 1 002 introduced plants from 6 departments, 9 classes, 14 sub-classes, 29 super-orders, 56 orders, 9 sub-orders, 58 families and 146 genera.

The article is dedicated to the life and work of Vasily Grigoryevich Trushechkin. He made a great contribution to the development of the horticulture branch based on new scientific knowledge, which he, as a leader, had successfully provided for many years to the Scientific Research Zonal Institute of Horticulture of the Non-chernozem strip (now this is the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery). He was distinguished by deep professional knowledge, striving for new things, a thoughtful personnel policy, a huge contribution to the accumulation of scientific potential in the field of horticulture and his skillful use in order to increase the efficiency of production of domestic fruits and berries.