Vol 49 (2017)
18-21 273
Abstract
Results of field evaluation of resistance of varieties of Fragaria ananassa Duch to specific pathogens in the conditions of the Cisural area in years with various weather conditions are given in article. It is shown that the most favorable conditions were formed in the years with abundant rainfall accompanied by increased temperature. Varieties with complex specific pathogens resistance were revealed: Vit’az’, Kent, Kokinskaya Zar’a, Mishutka, Troickaya, Urozhaynaya CGL.
22-27 268
Abstract
Etiolation, treatment of mother plants in protected ground with cytokinins (cytodeph 40 mg/l) and addition of urban sewage sludge to substrate have a positive effect on the introduction of new gooseberry varieties in vitro and yield of viable regenerants. Mother plants in the open field should be pretreated with systemic fungicides and bactericidal preparations to reduce the level of contamination.
28-31 243
Abstract
The article presents the results of comparative study of raspberry varieties in terms of drought resistance in conditions of southern Urals. It is established that the main part of the studied varieties has a medium degree of drought resistance. Drought resistant varieties Zhuravlik and Gerakl, most adapted to the conditions of the region were revealed. Varieties had a low saturation deficit, high relative turgor, low limit loss of water: Gerakl (10,01%, 86,6%, 55,13%); Zhuravlik (10,42%, 84,13%, 56,80%) respectively.
32-36 264
Abstract
The results of studying the original forms of strawberry on winter hardiness and yields have been presented in the article. The varieties Vityaz, Solovushka, Kokinskaya Zarya, Nashe Podmoskov’e, Bereginya were revealed as genetic sources for high winter hardiness and productivity.
37-43 275
Abstract
A biochemical evaluation of fruits of 18 strawberry varieties for 2008-2009 and 2011- 2016 was carried out. Valuable sources on a number of biochemical parameters of fruits for breeding and processing were revealed.
44-47 252
Abstract
Results of evaluation of apple fruits varieties on the main indicators of quality in the condition of North Ossetia-Alania Republic are given. High content of dry matter (14 % and higher) and sugars (9,8-10,9 %) were found at varieties Margo, Orfey. Apple varieties with high content of vitamin were revealed: Kubanskoye bagryanoye, Vasilisa, Rassvet (vitamin C 10,0-11,9 mg/100 g), Vasilisa (vitamin P 129,0 mg/100 g), Kubanskoye bagryanoye (vitamin P 120,7 mg/100 g).
48-51 383
Abstract
As a result of years of study of raspberry damage by pests and diseases, varieties that have a high level of resistance to purple spot, pathogenic fungi that cause gall midges, and raspberrystrawberry weevil have been identifi ed.
52-55 246
Abstract
A new technique was developed to estimate frost resistance in plum crops on the base of the transmission coefficient comparison of aqueous extracts from healthy and damaged shoots after artificial freezing.
56-60 275
Abstract
Biochemical composition of four elite form of garden strawberry bred in North-East Agricultural Research Institute was studied under conditions of Kirov region. It was established significant influence of weather conditions of ripening stage of berries on level of ascorbic acid content, total content of titrated acids, dry matter, and sum of sugars (V ≥ 10%). Elite forms having increased content of ascorbic acid (> 70,0 mg%): 3-61 (72,14 mg%) and 3-60 (70,87 mg%) were revealed.
61-65 259
Abstract
It is established that when rearing ex vitro red raspberry plants with traditional and primocane type of fruiting in open ground conditions, it is effective to perform additional treatments with Siliplan, Ecogel and Ecofus preparations.
66-69 289
Abstract
In leached chernozem soil in Tambov region was studied the influence of Аkvarin foliar treatments on mineral status of leaves and biochemical composition of black currant berries of varieties breeding of I.V. Michurin Russian Research Institute of Horticulture. The positive effect of treatments on the content of berries in dry substances, sugars, ascorbic acid, and acidity of berries was established.
70-74 308
Abstract
As a result of many years of research nine red currant varieties from breeding program of the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding have been included in the State Register of breeding achievements admitted for use. High potential productivity and a broad norm of the response to the unfavorable factors of the environment allow cultivation of these varieties in different soil-climatic zones.
75-80 333
Abstract
The aim of our experimental work was to define the lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of colchicine solution for aster annual. In the process of research, the effect of plant treatments with different concentrations of aqueous colchicine solution on their biometric parameters was studied. Lethal concentration (0.05%) and concentration (0.02%), causing reliable changes in biometric parameters were established. The negative influence of high concentrations of colchicine on the seed productivity of asters plants was revealed.
81-85 338
Abstract
Goal of research is the study of black currant of 12 varieties of Altai and the selection of sources of agronomic characters to create new varieties adapted to the conditions of Central Yakutia. Monitoring of varieties of M. A. Lisavenko Scientific-Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia breeding was carried out in horticultural nursery of Yakut Scientific-Research Institute of agriculture in the town of Pokrovsk in Khangalassky district. The studies revealed that in Yakutia phonological stages of growth and development of the Altai varieties are 4-20 days later that the control Yakut variety; varieties do not have time to finish the vegetation; shoots freeze slightly above the snow cover up to 3-4 points. Varieties resistant to powdery mildew - Altai late, Ksysha, Gift to Kuzior, and varieties resistant to currant big bud mite - Natasha, Lama were revelead. Varieties Glomerular (6,9), Altai late (5,2) and Gift to Kuzior (4,8) distinguished themselves by yielding capacity. Selected varieties are recommended as sources of economically valuable traits for use in breeding to create new adapted varieties of black currants in conditions of Yakutia.
86-90 264
Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the gathering and formation of a genetic collection of stone fruit crops in the Samara region, the study of the economic and biological characteristics of varietal diversity created in various ecological and geographical areas in order to identify sources and donors of valuable traits for use in breeding. A collection of cherries, plums, apricots and sweet cherries was created. Differentiation of varieties according to maturation, yield, and fruit mass was noted. Varieties of stone fruits on a set of economically useful traits, promising for the Samara region were revealed.
91-94 230
Abstract
Summarizing data of the study of the content of ascorbic acid in fruits of Rubus idaeus L. and Fragaria ananassa Duch. in the conditions of the Orenburg Cisural area are presented in article. It is revealed that the content of ascorbic acid in fruits has no stability and depends on climatic factors. Varieties of Fragaria ananassa Duch Darenka, Dukat, Pervoklassnica, Akvarel’, Aleksandrina, Mishutka, Orlec (>100 mg/100 g) and varieties of Rubus idaeus L. Gusar, Bal’zam, Blest’achaya, Novosibirskaya krupnoplodnaya, Chel’abinskaya rann’aya (> 50 mg/100 g) were characterized by an increased content of ascorbic acid.
95-99 394
Abstract
The results of studying of agronomical and biological features of new promising clonal pear rootstocks are presented. Six quince genotypes from the VNIISPK breeding program (32A-1- 9; 32A-1-24; 32A-1-26; 32A-1-29; 32A-1-30; 32A-1-35) and 13 pear varieties (‘Alaya’, ‘Annushka’, ‘Belorusskaya Pozdnyaya’, ‘Yeseninskaya’, ‘Krasavitza Chernenko’, ‘Mleyevskaya Rannya’, ‘Muratovskaya’, Pamyati Yakovlevu’, ‘Pamyatnaya’, ‘Ploshanskaya’, ‘Skorospelka iz Michurinska’ ‘Tutchevskaya’ and ‘Chizhovskaya’) were studied. Studies were conducted in 2011-2014 at VNIISPK (FSBSI All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding) and “Gloria” farm. The main criteria of selection were such characters as the ability of the root system to stand critical temperatures (-12 °C); high rooting ability when propagating by softwood cuttings and good compatibility with well-known pear varieties. As a result of studies, 32A-1-24; 32A-1-26; 32A-1-29 and 32A-1-30 were picked out as best ones in a complex of agronomic and biological characters.
100-104 290
Abstract
The resistance of 8 varieties and 6 selected forms of raspberries to III component of winter hardiness has been studied in the controlled conditions. It has been established, that high resistance to frosts -22°C after a week of thaw +4 оС possess the varieties Meteor, Gusar, the selected forms 32-16-1 (Ulybka), 1-2-2 (Lavina), 1-4-2, 1-15-1, 2-12-1.
105-110 273
Abstract
At Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch studies were conducted to determine the degree of incompatibility in hybridization between species of the genus Prunus L. For this purpose,the method of genomic analysis was used, in particular, to determine the level of fertility of hybrids and the inheritance of markers for cross-breeding components. This allowed us to recommend the most effective combinations of interspecific crossings in the breeding of varieties and clonal rootstocks of stone fruit crops.
111-115 286
Abstract
The article presents the results of a primary test in a nursery of eight elite seedlings as new dwarf rootstocks for stone fruit crops. It has been established that new hybrids were well rooted in lignified cuttings, 1.5-2 times higher than this control indicator (VVA-1). It was noted that the survival rate of the main varieties of Russian plum and domestic plum after inoculation on the studied rootstocks was 90-100 %, and in terms of its parameters, the seedlings do not differ from the plants grafted on VVA-1.
116-120 394
Abstract
When carrying out breeding work on breeding clonal rootstocks for stone fruit crops on Krymsk EBS, genotypes possessing the property of good rooting of woody cuttings to the greatest degree and low growing forms were revealed from the gene pool mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.). They are sources of this trait for use in breeding programs for breeding clonal rootstocks for cherries and sweet cherries.
121-124 299
Abstract
Experimental data on the effect of the rootstock and planting density in the row on the apple trees crop productivity are obtained. The trees of the apple variety Idared, Kuban Renet and Prikubanskiy on the dwarfing rootstocks NC 3, NC 4 (North Caucasus series) and M 9 in the garden with planting density 0,6; 0,9 and 1,2 m in the row are studied. The best garden design with different density trees in the row, due to the peculiarities scion-rootstock combinations are determined.
125-128 349
Abstract
In recent years bioecological peculiarities of the development of the Codling moth Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) in conditions of Central-Nonchernozem zone of Russia have changed signifi cantly. To increase the effectiveness of protective measures precise monitoring methods are needed to clearly establish the dynamics of fl ight and the most dangerous periods of harmfulness of the phytophagous, which is achievable through the use of pheromone monitoring.
129-133 244
Abstract
The results of studies of the dynamics of the physiological parameters of apple plant varieties Renet Simirenko and Starkrimson are presented depending on environmental factors and application of foliar fertilizing with macro-, microfertilizers and treatment by plant growth regulators in the arid conditions of the Northern Caspian area.
134-140 263
Abstract
Importance of genetic collection of fruit plants for creation of new varieties, identification of sources of valuable parameters, formation of the modern assortment for practical horticulture is shown. Results of long-term work with genetic collection of cultures in FSBSI «Orenburg ESHV of ARHIBAN» are presented.
141-144 299
Abstract
Information on commercial and biological parameters of growth habit, fruit-bearing and crop yield of triploid variety “Sinap Orlovsky” on the intercalary small-sized rootstocks from the VNIISPK (All Russia Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding) breeding program is presented in this article. Trees on well-known dwarf (3-17-38) intercalary rootstock were used as control ones. The experimental trees were planted into the orchard in 1995-1996 by 5 3 meters scheme. Yield were recorded in 2012-2015. Among the dwarf forms the 27-1-143 form (obtained from the 3-4-98 P-22 crossing) was of the greatest interest. It had an average yield of 20,4 kg per one tree that significantly exceeded the control variant. Study of production valuable characters of the new intercalary rootstocks of VNIISPK breeding and determination of the best scion-rootstock combinations will make possible to give recommendations for orchard planting on these intercalary rootstocks.
145-151 283
Abstract
For revealing the optimum parameters of photosynthetic activity depending on genotypic peculiarities an estimation of the functional state on the leaves and fruits of three groups of pear varieties, different in terms of fruit ripening was spent. Efficiency and viability communication between structure of sheet plate and intensity of photosynthesis was revealed. Measurements of photosynthetic activity during maturing and storage of fruits were spent. Decrease of photosynthetic activity in process of acquisition of demountable maturity and it increase at storage was established. The range of values characterizing the degree of maturing of fruits was defined
152-156 295
Abstract
Three-year data of small plot fi eld experiences for growing seed stocks and grafted seedlings of cornel (Cornus mas L.) using microbial preparations has been curried out. This technology can improve survival rate and growth of seed stocks, winter hardiness of buds and the output of cornel standard planting material to 30-50%.
157-160 229
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a comparative study of samples of the Far Eastern species of the genetic diversity of Cerasus Mill. - C. sachalinensis (Fr. Schmidt) Komar. Et Klob.-Alis of genetic collection of Krymsk EBS of VIR Branch in the natural and climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the Krasnodar Region. The reaction to new, and similar conditions of the external environment, which is determined mainly by genotypic differences, is evaluated. The biological potential of the species and its constituent of samples has been identified and the forms - sources of adaptability - have been identified.
161-168 255
Abstract
As a result of work done culture media Murashige and Skoogа (1962) and Prunus for cultuvation in vitro germs from crosses between varieties of sweet cherries and cherry species were optimized. It was revealed that prior to the growth of seedlings in test tubes, the average period is from one to two months. The intensity of the development of embryoculture depends on the period of isolation of germs and is expressed in a selective relation to the composition of the artifi cial culture media.
169-173 202
Abstract
The Chinese ecotype peach varieties from the North-China ecogeographical group are known with their weak susceptibility of a powdery mildew. To test susceptibility the evalution has been made for Chinese and Japanese ecotypes of new introduced varieties. The very weakly damaged (0,8 points) dwarf variety ‘Liang Fen Shou Xing’, as well as slightly damaged (1,6-3 points) weeping varieties ‘Yuan Yang Chui Zhi’, ‘Wu Bao Chui Zhi’, ‘Yuan Ping Chui Zhi’, the pillar-shaped variety ‘Terutehime’ and the late-fl owering variety ‘Kyou-maiko’ with a narrow-chrysanthemum type of fl owers have been revealed.
174-177 301
Abstract
The results of the comparative study of the basic agronomic and biological characters of promising apple varieties on seed stocks with intercalary insert and dwarf clonal rootstocks are presented. The use of dwarf root-stocks as inserts and directly for grafting promising apple varieties on them provides restrained growth of trees and early fruiting. Good hardening in autumn favoured high content of bound water and resistance of tissues and buds of studied scion-rootstock combinations to unfavourable winter conditions.
178-181 265
Abstract
Technology of Ficus carica L. clonal micropropagation is worked out. The expedience of alterating of nutritive medium with TDZ and 2-iP during microcutting is noticed. The induction of development of all axillar buds of explant occurs on plant medium with 0,2 mg/l TDZ. Microshoots without any features of vitrifi cation develop on plant medium with 1 mg/l 2-iP. The obtained results can be used to develop a strategy for preserving the gene pool of figs in the collection in vitro.
182-185 328
Abstract
It was found that the fruit of Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K. Koch and A. alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. are rich in anthocyanins (up to 2150 mg%) and vitamin C (35 mg%) in cultogenic and invasive populations. Not only fruits, but also leaves of these species are saturated by bioflavonoids (up to 410 mg%), in connection with which they can be used for medicinal purposes.
186-195 334
Abstract
The main Research directions of the breeder, genetics V. V. Kichina are related to the development of problems of private genetics and breeding of fruit and smal fruit plants. He was the first in Russia to start breeding of columnar apple tree and large-berry raspberry. One of the main directions in his work was the breeding for winter hardiness, columnar forms and fruit quality. As a result of many years of scientific research, he was created together with his graduate student students 23 varieties of raspberries and 24 of apple trees - 16 columnar and 8 winter hardy varieties with the usual type of upper branches of tree, published more than 160 scientific works. Under the guidance of the scientist, 31 PhD theses have been prepared and supported. In these scientific works, topical issues of genetics and breeding were successfully solved. V. V. Kichina left a rich heritage in the breeding and genetics of fruit and small fruit plants, which today fruitiful his disciples, followers and specialists use.
196-199 225
Abstract
The results by breeding evaluation of strawberry varieties, according to the values of heritability coefficient in a narrow sense h2, characterizing the quality of the genetic donor on the firmness of fruit and the average weight of berries, are presented. The most promising varieties on genotype are presemted.
200-203 216
Abstract
The infl uence after the harvest processing by ozone on change of specifi c gas permeability in pear fruits of varieties Velesa and Chizhovskaya was studied. Results of researches have shown, that specifi c gas permeability of pear fruits was in direct dependence on degree of their maturity at storage. Processing of fruits by ozone substantially reduced specifi c gas permeability, slowing down maturing processes that has allowed to extend essentially term of their storage and to provide to fruits higher quality, than in the control.
204-208 238
Abstract
10 varieties and 6 plant-breeding forms of apple-tree of summer and autumn ripening terms are studied. High resistance of samples to powdery mildew and scab is marked. The varieties Geven (32,5), Jester (40,9) and the form 3-5-с (30,9 т/ha) had the maximal productivity. Plantbreeding forms1-32-87, 2-4-12-80, 2-4-50-80, 3-6 were showed a high level of ascorbic acid. The maximum content of dry substances (more than 15%) was obtained from autumn varieties. By taste qualities, most varieties are classified as dessert.
209-212 269
Abstract
The paper presents the results of studying of the resistance of selected strawberry seedlings to the action of abiotic stressors. Individual seedlings characterized by complex winter hardiness and drought resistance were identified.
213-216 235
Abstract
Results of PCR-analysis of apple hybrid seedlings for the Rvi6 and Rvi4 scab resistance genes are presented. The correlation frequency of inheritance of allele states of indicated genes in analyzed combination of crosses was detected. The hybrid seedlings with homozygous dominant state Rvi6 gene (Rvi6Rvi6) in genome and also with genotype Rvi6+Rvi4 were identifi ed.
217-222 323
Abstract
The results on the effect of hormonal composition of the nutrient medium at all stages of clonal micropropagation of edible honeysuckle are presented. It was established that the use of BAP at a concentration of 1 mg/l combined with vitamin was resulted in high multiplication factor of blue honeysuckle in vitro and was provided a rapid growth of the shoots. For rooting microshoots it is appropriate to apply the IBA in a concentration of 1 mg/l.
223-227 225
Abstract
The experience of growing of abundantly flowering species of the genus Helianthemum of the Russian natural flora in Moscow conditions is shown. Some aspects of their taxonomy, peculiarities of biology, proliferation and growing conditions have been studied.
228-231 426
Abstract
New apple varieties Orenburgskoe and Orenburgskoe krasnoe of summer term of maturing of FSBSI «Orenburg ESHV of ARHIBAN» breeding are presented in article. The created varieties possess a complex of economic and valuable characteristics: early maturing, yielding, they have a high adaptation ability to stressors of biotic and abiotic origin, high commodity and consumer qualities of fruits.
232-235 332
Abstract
Features of infection of viruses ArMV, RpRSV, SLRSV, TBRV, on cultivars of strawberry after culture in vitro is studied. Infection in middle compjsition 25% with prevalence of viruses monoinfection. On cultivars Borovizkaya and Dukat prevalence virus TBRV, on cultivar Krasaviza Zagorya - RpRSV. A revealed virus free plants are for the further reproduction. Key words: strawberry, nepoviruses, diagnostics, ELISA, in vitro.
236-240 341
Abstract
As a result of long years of breeding work under interspecies hybridization in Samara Region 8 plum varieties have been created and transmitted to State variety-testing, 6 of which have been included into the State Register of the Russian Federation. Favorable microzones for plum cultivatition were identifi ed, the yield and technological qualities of fruit were studied.
241-244 312
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of varieties-clones of Malus sieversii was studied. Promising varieties-clones with high levels of antioxidant activity and sums of polyphenols in fruits were revealed.
245-248 215
Abstract
Results of effective use of genetic collections of clonal rootstocks of apple-tree for updating the existing assortment, and also for creation of varieties of a qualitatively new level are presented in article. Perspective perfect forms, candidates for new varieties, with high resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, productivity were revealed.
249-252 738
Abstract
A signifi cant role in the manufacture of jelly fruit and berry products is given to black currants, due to the high content of pectin substances in berries. It is established that the average value of this indicator in the berries of the studied varieties was 11,41% with predominance of protopectin in them. In the process of low temperature storage of the berries it was revealed an increase of pectin in average by varieties on 4%. It has been established that fresh and frozen berries of a black currant are characterized by a high degree of eterification (more than 50%), which favorably characterizes them for processing.
253-256 430
Abstract
Data on studying of action of stimulators on morphometric parameters of green cuttings of the introduced species of ornamental cultures in the conditions of South Ural are presented. Stimulators Zircon and Ribav-Extra rendered positive effect on rooting and growth parameters at green shanks.
257-260 219
Abstract
The development model of grape is based on the following assumptions: start date of bud burst and flowering are determined by the transition temperatures above 10-11 and 14-15 °C, respectively, and by the speed of adaptation of plants to temperature rising. The begin of ripening and full maturity of grapes happen after a certain for each variety time after flowering. A computer model was built and parameters of varieties were determined.
261-264 185
Abstract
Death of parenchymal cells of xylema shoots after freezing through the annual increment takes place after reaching the tissue temperature of the critical level, the less the tissue viability is lost in such situation and depending on the exposition intensity, the less resistant plots of the annual layer are damage first of all. It is quite decent to expose the object to critical temperature within one minute in order to cause significant subfreezing and death of cells.
265-269 298
Abstract
As a result of monitoring of pests and diseases of stone fruit plantations changes in the qualitative composition of pests and pathogens occurring under the influence of abiotic and anthropogenic factors were revealed. Research data on functional structure of biosystem allow to predict the phytosanitary conditions and integrate various protection methods.
270-273 234
Abstract
In the article particular attention is paid to the results of studies of introducers and breeders of Bashkortostan. The results of research on seed and vegetative propagation of varieties and species of herbaceous peony are presented. The main of breeding stages are described. Currently peony collection is very representative, it is composed of about 300 varieties and 19 native species. It includes varieties of all known breeders of this culture and breeding centers.
Zh. A. Rupasova,
I. M. Garanovich,
T. V. Shpitalnaya,
T. I. Vasilevskaya,
N. B. Krinitskaya,
L. V. Frolova
274-277 321
Abstract
On the basis of a comparative two-year study of biochemical composition of fruits of the natural form and 5 varieties of Actinidia arguta - Kievskaya krupnoplodnaya, Kievskaya gibridnaya, Lasunka, Purpurnaya sadovaya и Sentyabrskaya according to 14 parameters (organic acids, carbohydrates, bioflavonoids) it has been found out that all introducents surpassed the natural form 2,0-4,2 times in integral level of nutritional and vitamine value of fruits with greatest difference observed at Kievskaya krupnoplodnaya variety and smallest difference at Lasunka variety.
278-281 217
Abstract
The article presents the results of fi eld experiments associated with the selection of herbicides with different spectrum and mechanism of action to expand their range and spectrum of weed control in nursery plantings of black currant with the aim to obtaining products with the lowest cost.
282-285 255
Abstract
In the conditions of Yakutia, for the first time, studies were conducted on the detection of antioxidant substances in dogrose hips. According to the analysis, the fruits contained 72,6% of biologically active substances, 8-12,3% of dry substances, 1,2% of flavonoids, 20,38 mg / 100 g of carotenoids, and 4-15,7% of sugars. When freezing fruit, the greatest quantity of biologically active substances was retained.
286-289 227
Abstract
Genetical resources of apple and pear have an important biological and genetical potential which is still little studied and was not practically used in breeding. The wide replenishment of breeding work with such materials enables to develop new varieties with high adaptive level.
290-294 271
Abstract
As the result of breeding evaluation of the genetic collection of black currant of Kokino Base Station of ARHIBAN the sources and donors of high resistance to the anthracnose have been revealed. The original forms, in the offspring of which in hybridization and self-pollination it is revealed a significant number of anthracnose-resistant seedlings are presented. The relationship between the hydrothermal coefficient and activity of pathogen proliferation has been established.
295-299 223
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the preliminary apple breeding (prebreeding). On the basis of the long-term experience a list of 18 valuable sources and donors of the most important economical and breeding traits is given. The experience of creating new modern apple varieties under the collaboration of breeders from different scientific institutions is shown.
300-302 229
Abstract
The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of decorative and economically valuable traits of the hybrid fund Asiatic lilies. A new variety and promising elite forms that meet the requirements of the breeding task was revealed, their brief description was given.
303-306 264
Abstract
The article describes the main phenological phases in walnut in the conditions of Moscow. The results of a forty-year selection of the best forms from the created population, characterized by high nut mass, kernel yield, fine shell, good taste are showed. Morphological peculiarities and nut quality of selected forms are presented.
307-311 194
Abstract
The article presents materials of the chemical analysis of fruits of apple tree species. With a high content of sugars and soluble solids, the following species are distinguished: Malus domestiсa, M. scheideckeri, M. baccata, M. cerasifera and M. silvestris; a highcontent of ascorbic acid is characteristic for M. silvestris, M. baccata, M. cerasifera and M. prunifolia. As sources of increased content of sugars and dry soluble substances, the following species are recommended for breeding: Malus domestiсa, M. scheideckeri, M. baccata, M. cerasifera and Malus silvestris; ascorbic acid: Malus silvestris, M. baccata, M. cerasifera and M. prunifolia.
312-315 373
Abstract
This paper contains the main aspects of the Crimean gardening development concept, driven by the need of human consumption of 100 kg fruits per year. Particular agrotechnological methods of resource-saving technology for the fruit crops planting stock production have been reflected. The main problems of Crimean horticulture transition to virus-free base have been highlighted. Viral and mycoplasmal diseases reduce potential of fruit crops productivity by 25-30 %.
316-320 285
Abstract
Data on long-term work with the collection of fruit crops of FSBSI «Orenburg ESHV of ARHIBAN» are presented in article. The study of the genetic collection serve as a fundamental basis for carrying out the breeding work that allows to intensify the creation of adaptive, high-yielding varieties.
321-324 232
Abstract
Thirty-two strawberry varieties were the objects of studying: 16 of home breeding (including four varieties of Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia breeding) and 16 of foreign breeding. As result of the conducted researches, large-fruited, high-yielding strawberry varieties with a large number of ovaries, representing interest for industrial use and further breeding were revealed. Strawberry varieties Pervoclassnitsa and Solnechnaya polyanka combine all the elements of productivity on high level.
325-328 247
Abstract
It was shown on the example of the family’s Tema х Biryuzovaya, that feature of anthocyanin coloration have negative effect on winter hardiness of the seedlings. In the group of seedlings with red leaves of this family the overall degree of winter freezing is on average 2.9 points, and for seedlings with green leaves is 2.5 points. If these groups of seedlings to divide into 5 classes according to the overall degree of winter freezing and to compare them, you can see that in the class of highly winter-hardy seedling of plants with anthocyanin coloration it is less, and in a class of notwinter-hardy seedlings their is much more, than ordinary seedlings with green leaves. This leads to the fact that over time the share of plants with the gene of anthocyanin coloration in the family is significantly reduced.
329-332 215
Abstract
In the conditions of steppe of Cisural area (on the example of the Orenburg region) immunostimulators of new generation of “Mival-Agro” and “Lignogumat К” exert positive impact on increase in structural components of productivity, yield and quality of the studied varieties.
333-336 304
Abstract
As a result of long-term studying of 19 varieties of a gooseberry in the conditions of Moscow suburbs high efficiency at vigorous growth varieties Svityaz’, Belarusskiy and Serenada, large-fruited at varieties Neslukhovskiy, Finik, Serenada, Karat and Grand are established. Compact dimensions of bush were noted at varieties Finik and Legin’. Varieties Serenada, Svityaz’, Belarusskiy, Neslukhovskiy, Belarusskiy sakharniy were revealed by complex of economic-valuable parametres.
337-340 240
Abstract
Results of evaluation of genotypes of apple-tree on the main economic and valuable parameters are given. Breeding programs and techniques, and also molecular and genetic methods are used. At breeding material of apple-tree genes were identified: Vf of immunity to scab and Md- EXP7, Md-PG1, influencing quality of fruits. Elites: 12/1-20-24, 12/2-20-22, 12/2-20-24, 12/2-21-11, 12/1-20-41 (created in FSBSI NCRRIH&V together with VNIISPK), as the most valuable to breeding on a complex of parameters “quality of fruits + immunity” were revealed.
341-344 268
Abstract
Results of researches on cultivation of sweet cherry in conditions of the Moscow area are presented. The analysis of fructification of three varieties of a sweet cherry on eight clonal stocks is given. It is established that terms of the introduction in fructification, rates of escalating of the first crops and efficiency of trees depends on variety, stock and weather conditions. The most productive scionrootstocks combinations: Fatezh on rootstocks VZ-13 and Izmaylovskiy, Tyutchevka on rootstocks VSL-2, AVCh-2 and Izmaylovskiy; Chermashnaya on rootstock Izmaylovskiy were revealed.
RESEARCH OF WINTER HARDINESS GENETIC POTENTIAL OF FLORAL BUDS OF REMOTE TRIPLOID CHERRY SOUR HYBRIDS
345-348 251
Abstract
Freezing degree of fl oral buds of remote triploid cherry sour hybrids in conditions of north Central-Chernozem region of Russia are studied. Winter-hardy fl oral buds have genotypes obtained by crossing tetraploid cherry sour variety Shokoladnitsa with diploid form C. kurilensis C. avium.
349-352 211
Abstract
The article presents the results of study of chemical composition of fruits of 11 introduced varieties of nectarine. Comparative evaluation of varieties in their content of dry matter, carbohydrates, amounts of titratable acids and leucoanthocyanins was given. Varieties Kievskij, Super Crimson Gold, Stark Delicious, Sorok let Uzbekistana and Kzil Shalili are recommended for use in breeding plants with high content of biologically active substances.
353-358 215
Abstract
The results of the study of pear varieties of different ecological-geographical and genetic origin from the genetic diversity of the Krymsk EBS VIR are presented. On the basis of the results of variety studies, a group of varieties was revealed, surpassing others in terms of the average yield for the first period of fruiting. The identified genotypes are recommended for attraction in breeding programs for early fertility.
359-362 290
Abstract
The article presents the results of years of research of apple tree pests. It is found that many species have adapted to survive in a changing environment. In the fruit gardens over the last three years, the apple-plantain aphid (Dysaphis mali Ferr.) inflicts considerable damage to the apple, the harm-fulness of red bloodthirsty aphids (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm) increases. Simultaneously with the change in species composition of functional groups are also changes in the development of harmful species. Over the past five years, species that have not been seen before are noted: the apple-tree Psylla mali Sch. and the yellow pear scab. Quadraspidiotus pyri Licht.
363-366 160
Abstract
Data on the modernization of OPU-5 sprayer for effective treatment of nursery and small fruit plantations with liquid chemical preparations against a complex of weeds, pests and diseases are given.
367-370 263
Abstract
As a result of researches the characteristical parameters of damages to commercial planting of apple tree caused by the apple rusty mite Aculus schlechtendali Nal were established. The biological effectiveness of insecticacaricides with different mechanisms of action and various active substances and the terms of their application have been determined.
371-374 227
Abstract
As a result of their own breeding in the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountainous and Foothill Horticulture in the direction of one of the main fruit crops - the apple tree, a hybrid population, diverse in genotypic characteristics, was obtained, from which immune elites are identified, which are possible for cultivation by environmental technology in the foothills of the North Caucasus. Selected columnar elite, combining this characteristic with the immunity to scab and high commercial quality of fruit, are of interest not only for further breeding work, but also for direct cultivation in production.
375-378 229
Abstract
As a result of crosses elite forms were obtained with the desired characteristics and properties, combining the compact shape of the crown, resistance to fungal diseases with high commodity quality of the fruit.
ELITE APPLE TREES FOR CULTIVATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOOTHILLS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS
379-382 229
Abstract
A complete comprehensive estimation of immune and resistant to fungal pathogen interspecific apple-tree elite forms of a new generation of local breeding in foothills of North Caucasus conditions is given. Biological peculiarities of apple-tree elite immune and highly resistant to scab and mildew were identified. New elite forms of local breeding with complex important and economically valuable traits were revealed.
383-386 251
Abstract
A brief description of varieties and hybrids of the strawberry collection on the type of ripening are presented. The basic directions of research on the breeding of strawberry are showed. The best hybrid family for a number of economically-valuable traits are given. As donors by large fruit size Marmolada and Primella were recommended; F1 C-141 is donor by pink color of flower; Selva is neutral-day ripening. Marmolada variety also may be as donor by the firmness of fruit.
387-390 229
Abstract
At the pathogens of dominant mycoses of fruit crops (Ventura inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.) and Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. Et Ev.) Salm., of apple, Clasterosporium carpophilum (Lev) Aderh. - of plums and cherries) a number of adaptations to the elevated temperature regime were revealed. This allowed us to make the changes in protection technologies that enable to ensure maximum effectiveness of blocking infection.
ISSN 2073-4948 (Print)
